Biomedical subjects

J Merrell

Publications and source records attributed to J Merrell.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Social support for victims of domestic violence.

Nurses in a variety of settings encounter people whose lives are affected by domestic violence. Case identification, crisis intervention, advocacy, psychoeducation, psychotherapy, case management, and referral networking are tasks that can be performed by nurses with various levels of education. A holistic approach is needed when caring for victims, perpetrators, and witnesses of physical and psychological violence. A variety of disciplines must work together to challenge this multifaceted social dilemma. Nurses can guide clients to useful resources to help battle the tide of violence existing in society today.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Ambiguity: exploring the complexity of roles and boundaries when working with volunteers in well woman clinics.

Recently in the United Kingdom there has been a focus on strengthening the participation of volunteers in the National Health Service (NHS), particularly within primary health care services. Despite this focus, the challenges and opportunities of collaborative working between volunteer and paid workers has been under explored. Drawing on the findings from an ethnographic study, the concept of ambiguity is used to illuminate the complexity of roles and boundaries when working with volunteers in community well woman clinics. The findings are based on data collected during an eighteen month period of participant observation, interviews with 26 volunteer and paid workers and a review of the clinics' operational policy documents. Recognising the ambiguous position of volunteers in formal organisations is central to gaining an insight into their experiences of volunteering and into their relationships with paid workers. Volunteers within formal organisations are likely to experience role ambiguity, as often roles and expectations may not be clearly differentiated. Additionally, volunteering within formal organisations is inherently contradictory, as it is both work and a leisure pursuit. A lack of understanding as to which element, either work or leisure, is being emphasised can lead to tensions in relationships between volunteer and paid workers. Learning to work with ambiguity is central to being able to work effectively with volunteers and strategies for managing ambiguity are proposed.

Female↗

PubMed1999

Synergy: working together with volunteers in community well woman clinics.

Despite promotion of the participation of volunteers in community and primary care services, there are few British studies which have explored the benefits and challenges of collaborative working between volunteer and paid workers, and in particular, women's experiences of volunteering within the National Health Service (NHS). The study presented here seeks to add to the limited, existing knowledge in this area. The experiences of volunteer and paid workers working together in two community well woman clinics are discussed, focusing on the benefits of working together for volunteers, paid workers and clients. Discussion is based on data collected over an 18-month period of participant observation in two community well woman clinics, interviews with 26 volunteer and paid workers and a review of the clinics' operational policy documents. Drawing on the concept of synergy, relationships between volunteer and paid workers are illuminated. In this paper it is argued that working together renders the opportunity for volunteer and paid workers to share insights, perspectives and approaches which enhance clients' health assessments. It provides an added value dimension to client care and yields benefits for the service provider. The implications of the study for practice and policy are considered.

Female↗

PubMed1993

Representational-momentum effects in the cerebral hemispheres.

On each trial, after three squares of different sizes (inducing display) were sequentially presented at central fixation, a target square was briefly lateralized to the right or left hemisphere (RH or LH) of 24 normal right-handed males. Subjects determined whether or not the target differed in size from the third inducing square. Half of the targets that differed were consistent with size changes in the inducing display (e.g., a target smaller than the third square in an inducing display presented in a large-to-small order) and half were inconsistent. Three retention intervals (RIs) between offset of third inducing square and onset of target were used. At the shortest RI, error-rate differences in responding to consistent vs. inconsistent targets, i.e., representational-momentum (RM) effects, were larger in the RH than in the LH, and RM effects in the RH, but not in the LH, were affected by RI.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Educationalists express their concerns.

The UKCC has received well over a thousand responses to their proposals for community education and practice (CEP). Here we reproduce an extract from the response of the United Kingdom Standing Conference on health visitor education (UKSC) by Frances Appleby and Joy Merrell, UKSC chair and honorary treasurer respectively.

Community Health Nursing↗

PubMed1989

Altered beta-adrenoceptor internalization does not explain reduced beta-adrenergic responsiveness in the elderly.

To determine whether altered beta-adrenoceptor internalization contributes to the reduced adrenergic responsiveness of the elderly, the ability to internalize beta-adrenoceptors in young and elderly men was studied by in vitro exposure of whole lymphocytes to a range of isoproterenol concentrations. The total numbers of receptors per cell were similar in the two groups [young, 1645 +/- 206 +/- SE); elderly, 1707 +/- 120], as were the basal levels of beta-adrenoceptor internalization (young, 8.85 +/- 1.09%; elderly, 8.73 +/- 1.35%). Incubation in the presence of isoproterenol resulted in dose-dependent internalization of receptors. The EC50 values for isoproterenol-induced internalization were similar in the young (20.7 +/- 3.5 nmol/L) and elderly groups (26.9 +/- 4.4 nmol/L). These results suggest that altered receptor internalization does not contribute to impaired beta-adrenoceptor function in the elderly.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Comparison of the effects of isoflurane or fentanyl-nitrous oxide anaesthesia on propranolol disposition in dogs.

The disposition of propranolol was studied, using dual-route administration, in two groups of six dogs. Each dog was studied on three consecutive days: day 1 awake, day 2 during anaesthesia, and day 3, 24 h after anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was with isoflurane 2.0 MAC (in oxygen) in one group and with a fentanyl-nitrous oxide-atracurium regimen in the other group. In the group receiving fentanyl, anaesthesia caused a significant decrease (63%) in intrinsic clearance from the day 1 value (P less than 0.05) and a 45% decrease in systemic clearance (P less than 0.05). Hepatic plasma flow decreased by 27% (ns). A similar pattern was found with isoflurane: intrinsic clearance decreased by 53% (P less than 0.05) and systemic clearance by 40% (P less than 0.05). Hepatic plasma flow decreased by 40% (ns). In both groups, the values 24 h after anaesthesia were not significantly different from those obtained on day 1. Anaesthesia with either fentanyl-nitrous oxide-atracurium or isoflurane has a marked, but short-lasting effect on the disposition of propranolol, in part as a result of a decrease in intrinsic clearance.

Anesthesia, General↗

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Humans↗