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Biomedical subjects

J Merikanto

Publications and source records attributed to J Merikanto.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Radiologic findings in renal metastases].

US and CT findings in 41 cases of renal metastasis with known primary malignancy, mostly lymphoma and pulmonary carcinoma, are analysed retrospectively. All of them were examined with US and 22 with CT. The renal metastases were bilateral in 20 cases and multiple in 21. The echo structure was "infiltrative" in 20, non-infiltrative in 21, homogeneous in 11 and non-homogeneous in 30. 33 metastases were echo-poor, 5 were hyperechoic, two iso-echoic and one of mixed echogenicity. The lymphomas were usually homogeneous, infiltrative and echo-poor, whereas the metastases of pulmonary primaries were usually nonhomogeneous, non-infiltrative, echo-poor and some hyperechoic. None of hyperechoic metastases were lymphomas. One case out of 22 examined with CT indicated a false negative US finding, while 4 US examinations showed only some of the lesions detected with CT. The lesions were hypodense and non-homogeneous in plain CT and gave non-homogeneous enhancement in all cases except for 4 with homogeneous lesions. CT showed smaller and more numerous lesions than US.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Microangiography--a sensitive method for studying experimental diabetic nephropathy.

Microangiographic and conventional histopathologic investigations of the kidney were compared in 15 alloxan diabetic and 7 nondiabetic control rats. Contrary to the relatively sparse histologic lesions, microangiography disclosed advanced vascular abnormalities, including arteriolar aneurysms, which increased with the duration of diabetes. It is concluded that microangiography is a sensitive and suitable method for studying the development of microvascular lesions of the kidney in experimental diabetes.

Alloxan↗
PubMed1992

Foot deformities in diastrophic dysplasia. An analysis of 102 patients.

The exceptionally high prevalence of diastrophic dysplasia in Finland has enabled us to analyse the foot deformities of 102 patients at their first orthopaedic evaluation and classify 204 feet into five categories. The most common finding (43%) was a foot with tarsal valgus deformity and metatarsus adductus; 37% showed either equinovarus adductus (29%) or equinus (8%) deformities. At the first examination 13% showed metatarsus adductus deformity alone, and 7% were clinically normal. The expression 'club foot', generally used for the foot deformity in diastrophic dysplasia is a misnomer. There is a wide spectrum of deformities, some of them specific for the condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The spine in diastrophic dysplasia.

Diastrophic dysplasia is an autosomal recessive disorder of the skeleton, characterized by disproportionate short stature, generalized joint deformities, club feet, deformed ear pinnae, and, frequently, spinal deformity and cleft palate. Diastrophic dysplasia is more common in Finland than elsewhere. We studied 101 patients with an age range from newborns to 79 years to find out the frequency and type of spinal deformities, the early signs of progressive cases, and to follow the natural history of the disease. In the follow-up study, 17 patients were under 10 years, 21 under 21 years, and 63 over 21 years of age. One-third of the patients had cervical kyphosis; in the most severe case the kyphosis was 180 degrees and led to quadriplegia during anesthesia. In three patients, cervical kyphosis resolved spontaneously before the age of 5 years. The overall frequency of scoliosis was 37%; 49% in women and 22% in men. Only 13 patients had curves greater than 50 degrees; these curves constituted distinct rotation at the apex from the early evolution of the curve. The early signs of severe curves were detectable at the age of 2 to 4 years. Only two patients were operated on because of scoliosis; one with fusion in situ and the other instrumented with the pediatric Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Three patients had a brace, which did not prevent the progression of the curve. Symptoms referring to a narrow spinal canal were registered in four patients, two of which were operated on; a lumbar posterior decompressive procedure was made at adult age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Radiological and cytological detection of renal pelvic transitional-cell carcinoma.

We evaluated US, CT, intravenous urography, arteriography, retrograde pyelography and urine cytology results in a series of 23 patients with renal pelvic transitional-cell carcinomas, 14 of whom underwent US, 17 i.v. urography, 8 CT, 15 arteriography, 9 retrograde pyelography, and 17 patients urine cytology. A tumour was identified in 5 patients (36%) at US, in 11 patients (61%) at urography, in 7 (88%) at CT, in 10 patients (67%) at arteriography, and in 8 (89%) at retrograde pyelography. Urine cytology was assessed as showing changes consistent with Papanicolaou class III-V in 15 (88%) of 17 patients. When renal pelvic cancer is suspected, intravenous urography should be performed as the initial radiological examination and followed by CT, which may also identify tumour spread. Arteriography and retrograde pyelography are sometimes complementary investigations. Repeated urinary cytology is mandatory. Our results show that US alone is unreliable in detecting renal pelvic cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Ultrasound in the detection of adrenal tumours.

An analysis was made of the ultrasound (US) findings in 110 patients with proven or ultrasonographically suspected adrenal tumours. A total of 212 glands were imaged, 117 of which contained a tumour. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically in 50 cases and by imaging and follow-up in 162 cases. Normal glands were visualized ultrasonically in 27 out of 40 glands on the right and 5 out of 55 on the left. US detected 55 out of 59 primary adrenal tumours and 49 out of 58 secondary tumours, showing a sensitivity of 89%. In 13 tumours ultrasonography gave a false negative result, and in 13 cases a false positive one. Benign or primary malignant tumours and metastases could not be differentiated on the basis of echo-structure, but a large heterogeneous tumour in a patient with no known extra-adrenal malignancy is probably a primary malignant adrenal tumour.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Carpal tunnel syndrome in childhood.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is extremely rare in childhood and in almost all previously reported cases it has been secondary to some underlying condition. Three 13- to 14-year-old girls are described with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome, confirmed by EMG and relieved by surgical decompression. A noteworthy feature in children is short-lasting but severe attacks of pain, which may be the main symptom. Correct diagnosis is important to avoid unnecessary examinations and, if indicated, the syndrome can be cured by surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Effect of intrauterine thymectomy on granulation tissue formation. An experimental study.

Intrauterine thymectomy was successfully performed on 9 guinea pig foetuses at the gestational age of 36-48 days. This resulted in a significant suppression of the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response of the whole blood lymphocytes at the age of 3 mth. The in utero-thymectomized guinea pigs and their littermate non-thymectomized controls were operated on by making 4 symmetrical dorsal skin incisions and by subcutaneously implanting 8 standardized pieces of viscose cellulose sponge. On the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 10th days the tensile strength of the wounds was determined and the implants were analysed histologically and enzymehistochemically. At the time of incipient fibroplasia on the 5th post-operative day, the tensile strength of the wounds, the number of fibroblasts and the activities of aminopeptidase and succinate dehydrogenase were clearly less in the guinea pigs which had been thymectomized in utero. These findings indicate that adequate thymic function was necessary for normal fibroblast proliferation, since intrauterine thymectomy led to a temporary delay in the beginning of the fibroblastic phase in wound healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Ectopia cordis.

Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital anomaly with an unknown incidence. The heart lies totally or partially outside the thoracic cage. Sternal cleft without cardiac protrusion outside the thorax is not included. The condition is often associated with various cardiac and extracardiac anomalies. During the period 1968-1978 three cases of thoracic total ectopia cordis were encountered. Surgical correction was unsuccessful. This has been the outcome in all but one case of thoracic forms of total ectopia cordis reported earlier in the literature.

Heart Defects, Congenital↗
PubMed1980

Immunologic consequences of neonatal splenectomy.

The hazard of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection has been suggested to be greatest in children operated upon before 1 yr of age. In this work immune functions of 3 children, splenectomized within 2 days after birth were studied. The opsonic activity of the sera of all patients towards pneumococcus was decreased. The other immunologic findings were normal. These observations support the concept that all splenectomized patients should receive pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and in case of any infection adequate antibiotic therapy must be started very soon after the first symptoms.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Effects of intrauterine thymectomy on mitogen response in guinea pig.

Intrauterine thymectomy was carried out on days 36, 40, 48 and 68 (neonatal) of foetal life to investigate the role of thymus and emigration of thymocytes in the development of mitogenic (PHA, Con A, DxS) responses in the guinea pig. The results provide further evidence that emigration of thymocytes is a continuous process which takes place already at the time of demarcation between thymic cortex and medulla (before day 36 of gestation) and again immediately after birth. In the lymph nodes of guinea pigs thymectomized on day 36 in utero a small PHA and Con A responding cell population exists at the time of birth but not any more 3-4 mth later. This population is considered to depend on the transplacental thymic product(s). However, spleen and blood lymphocytes of animals thymectomized on day 36 in utero respond to PHA and Con A to some extent at the age of 3-4 mth, suggesting that the population emigrating before day 36 has a longer survival in the spleen and blood than in lymph nodes. Thymectomy at 40 days of gestation leaves an additional population which can express a good PHA and Con A response even in lymph nodes without a direct thymic influence. Responses to DxS were not significantly affected by the intrauterine thymectomy. Thus, intrauterine thymectomy at 36 days of gestation induces a severe but not complete T cell depletion in the guinea pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Maturation of mitogenic response in foetal guinea-pig.

Lymphocytes obtained from thymus, spleen and heart blood of 33-day-old guinea-pig foetuses and from lymph nodes of 48-day-old foetuses onwards were stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). concanavalin A (Con A) and dextran sulphate (DxS). The results, based on the analysis of ninety-five foetuses, indicated that the mitogenic responses of the guinea-pig T cells matured first in the thymus and then in the spleen and lymph nodes, in that order. The PHA and Con A responses in the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes and the DxS response in the spleen improved with the increasing age of the foetus. A clear improvement of the mitogenic responses did not take place in the blood. Thus, at birth the guinea-pig is immunologically mature as regards the PHA and Con A responses in the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes and the DxS response in the spleen. Regarding the maturation of PHA and Con A responses by lymphocytes from the blood, further studies are needed, since at birth both of these responses are clearly below the adult level.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Impaired lymphocyte transformation after accidental trauma.

The effect of accidental trauma on lymphocyte transformation induced by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) was studied in 66 patients with minor, moderate or multiple trauma. An in vitro whole blood micromethod was used. The lymphocyte transformation induced by the mitogens and the antigen was impaired in patients with trauma in proportion to the severity of the injury. A decrease of lymphocytic responses to a very low level had prognostic value for the patient as indicated by the two patients with very low lymphocytic responses and serious infectious complications.

Adult↗