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Biomedical subjects

J Mercier

Publications and source records attributed to J Mercier.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Fracture injuries of the mandibular arch. A repair technic].

The authors describe a technique for reduction of external lateral displacement of the posterior portions of the mandibular arch following unifocal or multifocal fractures. To achieve reduction they use a basilar wire transfixing the floor of the mouth and stretched between two horizontal branches, most often combined with a symphyseal osteosynthesis. This study of ten cases demonstrates the good functional and cosmetic results obtained with this method.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The 3 palatine fibromucous membranes. Their role in maxillary growth. Therapeutic role in surgery of the palatine shelves].

The palatine fibromucosa is not the same throughout the various regions of the palatine vault and its role differs in maxillary growth. On can in fact distinguish: --the fibromucosa of the "palatine lamellae", thin and smooth, which occupies only the median and posterior portion of the vault, opposite the nasal fossae. Its importance derives from the fact that it covers the medio-palatine and palatino-vomerian suture complex, which has an essential role in transverse, vertical and also sagital maxillary growth; --the palatine maxillary fibromucosa, thick and striated, which surrounds the above as far as the gingiva. It plays a major role in transverse and vertical maxillary growth. In fact, it would appear that it possesses autonomous growth potential; --the "gingival" fibromucosa, smooth, which is located at the alveolar level (from the palatine maxillary to the gingivo-dental border) and is involved in the structure of the latter. A good understanding of the anatomical and physiological aspects of these three fibromucosae has a therapeutic relevance, in particular, in subjects suffering from congenital velo-palatine defects (isolated or associated with a labio-maxillary defect).

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1987

Effect of aerobic training quantity on the VO2 max of circumpubertal swimmers.

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was measured in 38 swimmers aged 10-14 years. Thirty of 38 boys participated in this study for at least 2 consecutive years. Group 1 consisted of 23 subjects (48 measures) who trained for 7 h/week while group 2 consisted of 15 subjects (27 measures) who trained for 14 h/week. In group 2, VO2 max normalized to body weight was significantly higher at 14 years of age than at 10, whereas the increase was nonsignificant during this period in group 1. The subjects of group 2 showed a large increase of VO2 max/kg body weight from the age of 13, which corresponded in this study to the age of peak height growth velocity. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant at both 13 (P less than 0.02) and 14 years of age (P less than 0.05). At 13 and 14, the most trained subjects also showed significantly higher (P less than 0.05) values of maximal oxygen pulse/kg body weight (VO2 max/kg/HR max). Maximal heart rate (HR max) was similar in the two groups between 10 and 14 years of age. Therefore, we conclude that an increase in a training program of the aerobic type induces a large increase in VO2 max from the age of peak height growth velocity. This is likely due to an increase in the stroke volume.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Is ventilatory anaerobic threshold a good index of endurance capacity?

This study was undertaken to assess whether ventilatory anaerobic threshold (T vent) reflected endurance capacity (EC) in sports medical control. Fifteen subjects performed two cycle ergometer tests. The first was a maximal exercise test, which consisted of increasing the load 20 W/min until exhaustion. During this test, the gas exchange anaerobic threshold was determined and VO2 max was measured. The second was an endurance exercise test, which consisted of asking the subject to work, as long as possible, a load representing 80% of his maximal aerobic power. During this test, we measured endurance time (ET). The statistical analysis showed the lack of relationship between VO2 max and ET and the linear correlations between VO2 T vent ml/min/kg and ET min (r = 0.521, P less than 0.05), VO2 T vent l/min and ET min (r = 0.524, P less than 0.05), and T vent % VO2 max and ET (r = 0.738, P less than 0.01). These results establish that ventilatory anaerobic threshold actually reflects endurance capacity. This relation can be explained referring to the muscle energetic metabolism during exercise. Therefore, T vent should be determined systematically in addition to VO2 max during maximal exercise tests to better evaluate physical fitness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Development of natural and synthetic DNA probes for OXA-2 and TEM-1 beta-lactamases.

Cloning of a 6.3-kilobase BglII DNA fragment from plasmid R46 permitted the isolation of the OXA-2 beta-lactamase gene. Selected DNA fragments internal and adjacent to the OXA-2 beta-lactamase structural gene were used as probes in homology studies with other plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases. Under conditions of high stringency, no cross hybridization could be detected with DNA probes from within the open reading frame of the OXA-2 structural gene. At a lower stringency, one of two DNA fragments used as probes cross hybridized weakly with the OXA-3 bla gene. Other DNA fragments tested and known to contain sequences flanking the OXA-2 determinant cross hybridized with OXA-3 and PSE-4 plasmid DNA. From the known nucleotide sequence of OXA-2 and TEM-1, we synthesized a series of oligonucleotides corresponding to sequences internal to their respective structural genes. A 12-mer oligonucleotide containing the OXA-2-active-site nucleotide sequences cross hybridized only with OXA-3. All other oligonucleotides tested were found to be specific for their respective OXA-2 or TEM-1 gene. Such beta-lactamase gene probes should facilitate studies of beta-lactamase molecular epidemiology and beta-lactamase gene polymorphism.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1987

[Methods for the evaluation of abnormalities of the bony chin with a view toward surgical correction].

The bony chin is not placed in its position by chance. As with the other skeletal pieces of the face, it is controlled by the major laws of craniofacial morphologic and functional equilibrium. Clinical evaluation of anomalies of position of the bony chin in the three spatial planes is not sufficiently precise, and craniofacial structural and architectural analysis is an essential aid for determining origin of the mental dystopia and surgical remedial means. The aim of the latter is to restore the bony chin to its position of craniofacial equilibrium, the only way to obtain a stable functional result.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1986

Breathing pattern and occlusion pressure during exercise in pre- and peripubertal swimmers.

In two groups of young swimmers (prepubertal stage: group A; peripubertal stage: group B), the ventilatory response to graded exercise work with a cycle ergometer was studied. Ventilatory variables (ventilation, VE, tidal volume, VT, respiratory frequency,f, ratio between inspiratory period and total breath duration, TI/TTOT, and mean inspiratory flow, VT/TI) as well as mouth occlusion pressure measured at 100 msec (P0.1), effective impedance of the respiratory system (P0.1/VT/TI), inspiratory power for breathing (W) and O2 uptake (VO2) were measured during the third minute of each work load. At the same level of exercise both groups showed identical values of VT/TI, but VE was higher in group A individuals. This resulted from higher values of respiratory frequency with higher TI/TTOT ratios. P0.1, P0.1(VT/TI) and W were also much higher during work load in group A than in peripubertal subjects. When the above results were related to the same percentage of VO2 max, P0.1, W, respiratory frequency and duty cycle did not differ within both groups. However, VE, VT and VT/TI were lower in group A subjects with a higher P0.1/(VT/TI) ratio. Further corrections of VT, VT/TI and P0.1/(VT/TI) ratios by body weight cancelled all these differences. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that biometric factors only determined interindividual differences in ventilatory response to exercise in prepubertal and peripubertal swimmers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Optimization of the method of progressive hypercapnia by determination of the sensitivity threshold].

Ventilatory response to CO2 rebreathing is a method which allows to evaluate the reactivity of chemoreceptors. However this method doesn't study the sensibility threshold, i.e. the Pe.t.CO2 value for which the ventilatory response appears clearly. This sensibility threshold was measured in 10 healthy subjects by rebreathing a gas mixture: 7% CO2 and 50% O2 to avoid hypoxy. It was defined as the value of Pe.t.CO2 for which the ventilation was above the tidal ventilation + 2 standard deviations. The sensibility threshold (51 +/- 4.35 mm Hg) was independent of the reactivity slope represented by the slope of the linear relation between minute ventilation (VE) and Pe.t.CO2 (1.34 +/- 0.60 l/min/mm Hg/m2) and consequently appears as an interesting parameter in order to evaluate the ventilatory response to CO2 by rebreathing.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Long term studies on almitrine bismesylate in COPD patients.

Almitrine bismesylate is a chemoreceptor agonist which has been shown to improve arterial blood gas values in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, possibly through better ventilation/perfusion matching. On these basis, long term studies were undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic activity of almitrine bismesylate in COPD. We report here the overall results of 4 studies: a 6 months double blind placebo controlled study on clinical and biochemical data in 200 patients. a 12 months double blind placebo controlled study on clinical and hemodynamic data in 15 patients. a 12 months open study on clinical and biochemical data in 108 patients. a 52 months follow-up including therapeutic gap in 8 patients. Almitrine bismesylate group showed significant improvement of PaO2 and PaCO2 levels as compared with placebo group; this was found after 6 months of treatment and persisted after 12 months of treatment. 75% of almitrine treated patients were considered as responders, i.e. improved PaO2 and PaCO2 levels by at least 5 mmHg (0.665 KPa). Almitrine bismesylate groups showed significantly decreased dyspnea scores, received significantly less hospital care for acute decompensation or pulmonary infection and showed no significant change in hemodynamic parameters. After 20 months treatment interruption, patients showed progressively impairmed blood gas levels. Almitrine bismesylate ws well tolerated; nausea was occasionally observed and usually disappeared. Paresthesia was observed in some patients with identified predisposition. Altogether, these studies showed long term efficacy and acceptability of almitrine bismesylate in COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Almitrine↗
PubMed1986

[Hematic cyst of the masseter. Apropos of 2 cases].

An isolated swelling of the masseter raises an aetiopathogenic problem which may be encountered by any stomatologist. There are a number of diagnostic possibilities, in particular tumours. The authors report two cases with a special clinical picture: hematic cyst of the masseter. Treatment is surgical: excision via an endobuccal approach. Histological examination of the operative specimen reveals vascular dystrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[The tongue in facial hemihypertrophy].

As reported by Gorlin, Pindborg and Cohen, hemifacial hypertrophy is not an affection sui generis, but one that presents different aspects and is of varied etiology. The presence of a tumor must be excluded initially. The hemifacial lesion may be congenital, and form part of a diffuse affection involving the whole of one side of body including hard and soft tissues such as the tongue. Because of their role in cephalic organogenesis, an alteration in cells of neural crests appears to be at the origin of this form but the authors consider that the initial lesion develops at a much earlier stage. The lesion may be tissue-orientated: nervous as in the case of Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis; vascular as in diffuse angiodysplasias such as the Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome. Here again the tongue participates in the expression of the disease. Finally, hemifacial hypertrophy may be secondary to a bone lesion as found in more or less diffuse fibrous osteopathies or possibly hypercondylar disorders, the absence of a tongue lesion being a diagnostic factor.

Face↗
PubMed1985

[Maxillofacial sequelar manifestations of Silverman's syndrome].

The Silverman's syndrome or "child abuse syndrome" consist in several symptomes whose about 50% are maxillo-facial ones. These which are must often unknown at the initial stage, are responsible for an after effect syndrome, involving very significant nasal, oral, labial and buccal lesions. The anomalies of facial growth are the results of chronic lesions of cartilagenous septum and of nose bone area. A better understanding of this syndrome should held to diagnose it as quickly as possible. Indeed children are endangered by a lack of protective measures.

Battered Child Syndrome↗