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Biomedical subjects

J McKinney

Publications and source records attributed to J McKinney.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Inhibited drinking and pica in rats following 2-deoxy-D-glucose.

A sequence of studies sought to determine if 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) produces malaise as a side effect. Drug treatment at dosages at least as low as 250 mg/kg triggered an immediate inhibition of fluid intake. In nondeprived animals, 750 mg/kg but not lower dosages of 2DG evoked a delayed but statistically significant level of pica as measured by kaolin consumption. Twenty-four hour food deprivation failed to produce pica, and previous claims that kaolin intake is a specific index of gastrointestinal distress therefore received additional support. Thirsty rats injected with 750 mg/kg 2DG displayed a delayed pattern of pica largely similar to that previously observed with undeprived subjects; although, under optimal circumstances, significant increases in kaolin consumption may be evident as soon as one hour post-injection. In general, these data indicated that malaise may be an important influence of 2DG; but dosage and time course parameters associated with post-drug reductions in drinking suggested that a separable consummatory inhibition effect may also occur.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A grant rationing model for a health care system.

Most public health programs are created through a political process and the health administrator's resource allocation decision is influenced not only by the relative performance of the subunits but also by political considerations. This paper presents a goal programming model for rationing available grants to competing health care subunits on the basis of performance subject to resource and political constraints. Performance is defined in terms of output adjusted for non-compliance on the identified quality of care and administrative efficiency criteria. The quality and efficiency criteria are those specified by the Federal agency as amended by local funding authorities and subunit administrators through a Delphi process. The model has the advantage of flexibility and can be easily adapted to suit prevailing financial and political conditions. In particular, it can be used as a viable analytical tool in health care and other public service agencies where political considerations are important in resource allocation decisions.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMed1987

Polychlorinated biphenyls and related compound interactions with specific binding sites for thyroxine in rat liver nuclear extracts.

Thyroid hormone analogues, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and their derivatives were shown to bind specifically to thyroxine-specific binding sites in rat liver nuclear extracts. The structure-binding relationship for thyroxine binding prealbumin was qualitatively similar to that for the nuclear receptor. In general for both binding proteins, increased binding affinity was seen for the more linear and in some cases rectangular shaped (as opposed to the angular shaped thyroid hormones) chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons with chlorine concentrated in lateral positions (3,3',5,5'-substitution on biphenyl nucleus). However two groups of compounds showed distinct quantitative differences. The relatively less polar and more lipophilic nonhydroxylated PCBs bound the nuclear receptor with significantly lower affinities while two compounds that are structurally related by the potential for equilibrium interconversion to a rigid planar structure bound with significantly higher affinities. This latter class of compounds represents soluble dioxin (TCDD) approximate isosteres and has an extended (polarizable) pi-system brought about by a planar structure (or conversion to the same) and lateral halogenation. These structure requirements are maximally expressed in 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorodiphenoquinone (TCDQ), which shows a remarkably high affinity (Ka = 1.84 X 10(11) M-1) for the nuclear receptor. Thus, the nuclear receptor shows the expected structural specificity and sensitivity for possible involvement in the high toxicity of these classes of compounds. The physiological significance of these binding results is supported by the dose-dependent regulation (increase) of the thyroxine nuclear receptor number by dioxin, although the mechanism responsible for this increase is not clear. The nuclear binding component was further analyzed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and was found to have a sedimentation coefficient of 4.3 S under high salt conditions. A crude estimate of the molecular weight (45,200) was obtained from a linear plot of standard globular protein fraction number (sedimentation coefficient) vs. log molecular weight. Although direct evidence is not provided, the thyroxine nuclear receptor may cooperate with a second receptor in binding the TCDQ type ligand or exists as a multimeric species with binding properties of both prealbumin and the dioxin (or Ah) receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Intake of a liquid diet after 2-deoxy-D-glucose injections in rats.

The effects of a liquid diet after 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) were examined following water deprivation, after food deprivation, and at longer post-injection intervals when animals reportedly are hypophagic as a function of drug treatment. Water deprived rats were unable to increase their post-drug feeding when ingesting the liquid diet; and in food deprived subjects, intake patterns of liquid diet and of lab chow pellets were essentially identical after 2DG. The tendency of a 750 mg/kg dosage to produce a longer-term hypophagic reaction was more evident in animals given pellets instead of the liquid diet. While previous studies have found the liquid diet to promote 2DG-induced feeding in lesioned subjects, the present data demonstrate that such facilitation effects do not invariably occur during post-drug conditions in which animals are inhibited in their intake.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Rhinoplasty: clinical categorization as a practical preoperative guide.

As progressively more individuals desire rhinoplasty, facial surgeons are experiencing a wider spectrum of potential patients. The young woman in her late teens and 20s once made up the majority of the rhinoplasty case load. Now, the patients desiring aesthetic and reconstructive nasal surgery represent all stages of life. We have divided the patient population into five categories based principally on the special requirements of inherent chronologic differences. This typing system guides rhinoplastic surgeons in dealing with a variety of age groups of both sexes. These categories are useful in defining differences in technique and as an adjunct to preoperative evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implementing a local area network for nursing in a large teaching hospital.

The authors describe the assessment, planning, implementation, and benefits of a local area network (LAN) for the nursing service of a 504-bed urban teaching hospital. The major goals of the network were to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the nursing administrative areas and improve communication systems. A network of more than 90 workstations, spanning 12 buildings, was installed. The network provides access to multiple programs that support clinical, managerial, and research activities. Gateways provide access to the hospital's two mainframe computers. Network benefits identified by nursing management include: improved communication and access to information; increased accuracy, efficiency and timeliness of data; and improved computer literacy.

Boston↗