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Biomedical subjects

J McKay

Publications and source records attributed to J McKay.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Measles matters, but do parents know?

Two hundred and one parents attending three child health clinics were questioned about both measles and immunisation against measles. Most parents were unaware of the symptoms and possible complications of measles and did not believe immunisation to be effective in preventing measles. They did not remember having talked to health professionals about immunisation.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1985

Chemotherapy-induced alterations in the biomechanics of rat bone.

The effects of methotrexate and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) on intact and fractured bone were studied in a rat model. Methotrexate, 0.1 mg/kg i.p., was administered five times a week, or doxorubicin, 1 mg/kg i.v., was given once a week. Animals were killed and evaluated at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after surgical production of a unilateral femoral osteotomy and initiation of the chemotherapeutic program. Both intact and fractured bones were tested to failure in rapid torsion, and the torque, angular deformation, stiffness, and energy were measured. There was a significant alteration in the strength of the healing osteotomies in doxorubicin- and methotrexate-treated animals compared with the control group. The torsional strength of intact bone was not significantly altered by either drug protocol over the period of this observation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Evidence of increased intestinal synthesis and extracellular deposition of IgM in primary biliary cirrhosis. An immunofluorescence study of liver and small-intestinal biopsy specimens.

Direct immunofluorescence showed intense extracellular granular deposition of IgM and C3 in liver and small-intestinal biopsy specimens from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. In contrast, IgM deposits were not observed in liver tissue from patients with other liver diseases, whereas small-intestinal IgM deposits were seen also in 2 of 17 patients with various intestinal disorders. The tissue deposition of IgM did not vary with plasma IgM levels, degree of cholestasis, or histological stage of the disease but seemed to reflect an abnormal property of the IgM molecule. The number of IgM-positive mononuclear cells in intestinal mucosa from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis was markedly increased, suggesting increased local synthesis of IgM. Deposition of IgM with complement-activating ability might contribute to the development of tissue damage in primary biliary cirrhosis. In addition, the apparent specificity of these IgM deposits in liver for primary biliary cirrhosis might be of diagnostic value when histological classification is difficult.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease, deep-venous thrombosis and antithrombin activity.

Of 34 patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD), 4 developed well-documented episodes of deep-venous thrombosis. All 4 patients had active disease at the time of thrombosis. This group was studied to determine if the tendency to deep-venous thrombosis in patients with CIBD was associated with reduced antithrombin activity by measuring the concentration of three thrombin inhibitors, antithrombin III (AT III), alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2 M) and alpha 1-antitrypsin. 2 patients had low AT III levels and 10 had low alpha 2 M levels. 2 patients who developed deep-venous thrombosis had significantly low levels of both AT III and alpha 2 M. It is suggested that in patients with diseases predisposing to thrombosis and associated with low AT III levels, the measurement of alpha 2 M in addition to AT III may predict those particularly at risk.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1982

The acute effects of ethanol on acetanilide disposition in normal subjects, and in patients with liver disease.

1 The effects of single doses (25 g and 50 g) oral ethanol on the disposition of acetanilide (50 mg/kg metabolic active mass) has been studied in normal subjects, and in patients with chronic non-alcoholic liver disease. 2 In normal subjects, ethanol produced a dose-dependent increase in acetanilide half-life, and a decrease in acetenilide clearance. There was a significant correlation (rs = 0.71, P less than 0.01) between the 90 min blood ethanol concentration and the reduction in acetanilide clearance. 3 In patients with liver disease, ethanol produced a similar proportional change in acetanilide half-life and clearance, but these were less consistent. Moreover, liver disease itself was associated with an increase in acetenilide half-life, and a reduction in clearance. 4 It is concluded that single oral doses of ethanol, comparable to those consumed during social drinking, may inhibit some forms of microsomal oxidation and thus have important clinical implications.

Acetanilides↗
PubMed1981

IgM deposition in skin biopsies from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

Immunofluorescence studies on skin biopsies from 14 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) showed granular papillary deposition of IgM in all. In addition, 6 patients had C3 deposition. Control patients with various other liver diseases, idiopathic high plasma levels of igM and extrahepatic cholestasis were only sporadically positive for IgM and not at all for C3. IgM deposition in dermal papillae in PBC does not merely reflect high plasma IgM levels or cholestasis but probably represents an immunochemically abnormal IgM population.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1980

Study of ion transport across biopsies of ileostomy in vitro: search for evidence of intestinal 'adaptation' after colectomy.

To explore the possibility that small intestinal 'adaptation' may occur after colectomy we examined the ability of ileal mucosal biopsies, taken from patients with ileostomies, to transport electrolytes in vitro. Ileostomy mucosal electrical potential difference was higher (5.4+/-0.5 mV) than in normal mucosa (3.3+/-0.3, P less than 0.001), resistance was higher (98+/-12, against 40.3+/-2.8 omega cm-2), while short circuit current was lower (54.8+/-6.0; against 89.9+/-6.1 muA.cm-2). Net sodium absorption, 1.25+/-0.41 mumol.cm-2.h-1 (n=6), rose on addition of glucose (15 mM.1-1) to 11.57+/-0.8 mumol.cm-2.h-1 (n=4), and these were similar to results from normal ileum. Net chloride transport was also similar to noraml. In one subject, with intermittent ileostomy diarrhoea, net sodium absorption was normal, 2.14 mumol.cm-2.h-1, but there was marked active chloride secretion, 14.03 mumol.cm-2.h-1. These studies do not provide any evidence of enhanced electrolyte absorption across ileal mucosa as a response to colectomy. Some cases of ileostomy diarrhoea may be due to active chloride secretion.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1978

Echocardiographic measurements in normal subjects. Growth-related changes that occur between infancy and early adulthood.

Echocardiographic measurements of the left ventricular dimensions and wall thicknesses at end diastole and end systole, aortic root and left atrial dimensions, mitral valve E-F slope, left ventricular ejection fraction, percent fractional shortening of the left ventricular internal dimension, estimated left ventricular mass and percentage systolic thickening of the ventricular septum and left ventricular free wall were obtained in 105 normal subjects ranging from one day to 23 years of age. Each parameter was found to follow a linear regression upon one of three functions of the body surface area. The internal dimensions of left ventricle, the left atrium, and the aortic root, and the mitral valve E-F slope varied in a linear relation to the cube root of the body surface area. Thickness of the ventricular septum and left ventricular free wall varied in a linear relation to the square root of the body surface area. Estimated left ventricular mass varied linearly with the direct measurement of body surface area. Ejection fraction, percent fractional shortening of the left ventricle and percent systolic thickening of the ventricular septum and left ventricular free wall were independent of body surface area despite a marked increase in the size of the left ventricle during normal growth and development.

Adolescent↗