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Biomedical subjects

J McFarlane

Publications and source records attributed to J McFarlane.

120 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Abuse during pregnancy: associations with maternal health and infant birth weight.

A stratified, prospective cohort analysis was completed on 1,203 African American, Hispanic, and white women. All women were assessed for abuse at the first prenatal visit and twice more during pregnancy. They were also assessed for risk factors of low birth weight using Institute of Medicine correlates. Prevalence of physical or sexual abuse during pregnancy was 16% (1 of 6). Abused women were twice as likely to begin prenatal care during the third trimester, with abuse preceding late entry. Abuse was recurrent, with 60% of the women reporting repeated episodes. More severe abuse was significantly correlated with lower infant birth weights for all three ethnic groups. Abuse during pregnancy was a significant risk for low birth weight as well as maternal low weight gain, infections, anemia, smoking, and use of alcohol and drugs. When compared to women who were not abused, women abused during pregnancy delivered infants averaging 133 g less. Abused white women delivered infants with the greatest reduction in birth weight.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety behaviors of abused women after an intervention during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an intervention protocol, administered during pregnancy, for increasing safety-seeking behaviors of abused women. DESIGN: Prospective, ethnically stratified cohort analysis. SETTING: Public prenatal clinics. PARTICIPANTS: Pregnant women reporting physical or sexual abuse in the year before or during the present pregnancy. One hundred thirty-two women met study criteria, received the intervention, and were followed for 1 year after the completion of the pregnancy. INTERVENTION: Three education, advocacy, and community referral sessions that included information on safety behaviors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Adoption of safety behaviors by abused women. Safety behaviors were measured before the intervention, twice during pregnancy, and at 2, 6, and 12 months after completion of the pregnancy. RESULTS: Repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant increase in adoption of each safety behavior (p < .0001), with most behaviors showing a significant increase after the first intervention session. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women who were abused and were offered an intervention protocol report a significant increase in safety behavior adoption during and after pregnancy. Abuse during pregnancy is common. Identification of abuse and immediate clinical intervention that includes information about safety behaviors can result in safety behavior adoption that may prevent future abuse and increase the safety and well-being of women and infants.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Weight change of infants, age birth to 12 months, born to abused women.

Abuse to pregnant women can affect maternal health and infant birthweight. To examine the rate of weight change among infants, ages birth to 12 months, born to women abused by the male intimate, an ethnically stratified cohort of 121 infants and their mothers were followed. Infants were weighed on a beam balance scale at birth, 6, and 12 months of age. At the same time, abused mothers were asked if the abuse had ended. Rate of change in infant weight was calculated for birth to 6 months and 6 months to 1 year. The rate of change in infant weight from birth to 6 months did not differ significantly based on whether or not the mother reported that the abuse had ended by 6 months or 12 months. However, the rate of change in infant weight from 6 to 12 months was significantly greater (p = .046) for those infants whose mothers reported the abuse had ended by 12 months and even greater (p = .019) if the mother reported that the abuse had ended by 6 months. When controlling for ethnicity and parity, abuse ending at 6 months was a significant (p = .029, r2 = .102) predictor of the rate of infant weight change from 6 to 12 months. To maximize infant growth and the health and wellbeing of mother and child, routine screening and intervention for abuse of women is recommended during child health visits.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Severity of violence against women correlates with behavioral problems in their children.

In order to examine the type and severity of violence against women by intimate partners and the associated behavioral problems of their children, 83 abused women were interviewed when they presented to the criminal justice system for protective orders or to file assault charges. Two questionnaires were administered: (a) the 46-item Severity of Violence Against Women Scale (SVAWS) measured threats of abuse and actual physical violence, and (b) the 118-item Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) measured child behavior problems for children between the ages of 4 and 18.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physical and emotional abuse in pregnancy: a comparison of adult and teenage women.

A sample of 691 African American, Hispanic, and white pregnant teenage and adult women were interviewed in the prenatal setting. On their first prenatal visit, 182 (26%) women reported physical or sexual abuse within the past year. There were significant differences between the teens and adults, with a higher percentage of teens (31.6%) reporting abuse during the prior year than adults (23.6%). The rate of abuse during pregnancy was 21.7% for teens and 15.9% for adult women. Adult women scored significantly higher than teens on two measures of mental abuse. Mental abuse was significantly correlated with physical abuse for all subjects.

Adolescent↗