Biomedical subjects
J McFarlane
Publications and source records attributed to J McFarlane.
Contemporary challenges in education for the caring professions: education for nursing, midwifery, and health visiting.
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Nursing-images and reality. Marsden lecture.
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Use of an ecologic model to identify children at risk for infection and to quantify the expected impact of the risk factors.
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Nursing Mirror lecture 1983. Mirror, mirror on the wall.
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Genetic screening of newborn in Australia. Results for 1981.
Since screening of newborn infants for phenylketonuria (PKU) by the Guthrie bacterial inhibition assay was established in the 1960s, 3 017 703 infants have been tested in Australia. Two hundred and fifty-one cases of PKU (0.83/10 000) and six cases of the variant forms of malignant hyperphenylalaninaemia (MHPA) (0.02/10 000) have been detected. In 1981, 11 infants with PKU were detected. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism was carried out in seven States, and 66 new cases were detected in 1981 (2.13/10 000). In Adelaide, 154 310 infants have been tested for galactosaemia and a total of seven cases have now been detected (0.45/10 000). In New South Wales, 35 955 infants have been tested for cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and 17 cases were found (4.73/10 000).
Genetic screening of newborn in Australia: results for 1980.
Since screening of newborn infants for phenylketonuria (PKU) by Guthrie bacterial inhibition assay was established in the 1960s, 2779 790 infants have been tested in Australia. Two hundred and forty cases of PKU (rate: 1/11 582) and six cases of the variant forms of malignant hyperphenylalaninaemia (MHPA) (rate: 1/463 298) have been detected. In 1980, 18 infants with PKU were detected. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism was carried out in six centres, and 40 new cases were detected in 1980.
A method of estimating nursing workload.
A real-time nursing computer system operational on six medical wards allows the automatic data capture of all nursing procedures carried out for all patients. Each nursing procedure has been graded by an experienced nurse on a 5-point scale (Ninewells Index I), with grade 5 representing the greatest workload. A Delphi type survey was carried out by a questionnaire involving 115 medical charge nurses in Scotland who graded the same procedures on a 5-point scale (Delphi Index I). Good agreement with the two indices was found. The Delphi Index I was transferred from the original scale to an interval scale (Delphi Index II) to facilitate statistical handling of data and conversion to timings. The conversion of Delphi Index II to timings (Ninewells Index II) was achieved by using data from three extensive work studies. It is suggested that Ninewells Index II is a practical problem of staff allocation in medical wards.
Responsibility for the future development of health visiting.
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Genetic screening of newborn in Australia: results for 1979.
Since screening of newborn infants for phenylketonuria (PKU) by Guthrie bacterial inhibition assay was established in the 1960s, 2 556 498 infants have been tested in Australia. Two hundred and twenty-two cases of PKU, and five cases of the variant forms of malignant hyperphenylalaninaemia (MHPA) have been found over this period, an incidence of 1/11 516 for PKU, and 1/511 300 for MHPA. In 1979, 18 infants with PKU and one with MHPA were detected. Screening for congenital hypothyroidism was carried out in four centres, and 28 new cases were detected in 1979 (an incidence of 1/5746).
Hemodynamic and ECG responses to exercise in children with sickle cell anemia.
To determine whether exercise responses are different from normal in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA), we performed dynamic cycle ergometer exercise testing in 47 patients with SCA, aged 5 to 18 years, and 170 healthy, black age-matched control subjects. Seven (15%) of the patients with SCA had definitely ischemic, 16 (34%) had equivocally ischemic, and 24 (51%) had nonischemic ECG responses. Resting heart rate in the three groups of patients with SCA was higher than control values. Maximum exercise heart rate attained was lowest in the definitely ischemic group. All patients with SCA had decreased blood pressure responses and maximum working capacity when compared with control subjects. Hemoglobin concentration was lowest in the definitely ischemic group and correlated with maximum workload. Long-term myocardial ischemia may lead to fibrosis and the decreased myocardial contractility seen in adult patients with SCA.
The contribution of research to the understanding of nursing.
In summary, it is contended that the research being carried out by nurses in a university is rich source for analysis and synthesis, and that the synthesis itself will produce a new and unique contribution to the understanding of nursing. The methodology of theoretical research may well take in a taxonomy of cognitive skills which follows Bloom's (1956) taxonomy of educational objectives. The propositions, hypotheses and generalizations evolved would demand evaluation in terms of internal evidence and external criteria. But one would expect to find as a result of analysis and synthesis the emergence of new concepts and theories not clearly identified before.
Nursing practice. Knowledge is everything.
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Changes in the nature of nursing.
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Effects of norlaudanosolinecarboxylic acids on enzymes of catecholamine metabolism.
Enzymes involved in catecholamine metabolism were assayed in the presence of a new class of naturally occurring tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids, the norlaudanosolinecarboxylic acids (NLCAs). NLCAs inhibited tyrosine hydroxylase noncompetitively with respect to its substrate, tyrosine and the cofactor, 6-methyltetrahydropterin (NLCA Kj = 4 x 10(-4) M; 3',4'-deoxynorlaudanosolinecarboxylic acid (DNLCA) Kj = 1.5 x 10(-4) M). Adrenal dopamine-beta-hydroxylase was also inhibited by NLCAs [3'O-methylnorlaudanosolinecarboxylic acid (MNLCA) Kj = 1.2 x 10(-4) M] and NLCA is a competitive inhibitor of norepinephrine methylation by hepatic catechol-O-methyltransferase (NLCA Kj = 5.6 x 10(-5) M). While a slight reduction of rat adrenal monoamine oxidase by MNLCA was also observed, NLCA did not affect the oxidation of tyrosine by D-amino acid oxidase. Kinetic patterns of tyrosine aminotransferase and aromatic amono acid decarboxylase from rat liver were not altered by addition of 1 to 10 x 10(-5) M NLCA or its 3'-O-methyl ether (MNLCA). In vivo studies of brain tyrosine metabolism in mouse neonates corroborated results on the in vitro effect of DNLCA on tyrosine hydroxylase. The potential of high-pressure liquid chromatography was demonstrated in both enzyme assays and radiometric studies of in vivo metabolism.
Twenty-fifth William Power Memorial Lecture. The implications of the Report of the Royal Commission on the National Health Service for Nursing and Midwifery Clinical Practice.
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Genetic screening of the newborn in Australia. Results for 1978.
Since screening of newborn infants for phenylketonuria (PKU) by Guthrie bacterial inhibition assay was established in the 1960s. 2 334 679 infants have been tested in Australia, and 208 cases of PKU detected (an incidence of 1/11 224). In 1978, 21 infants with PKU were detected. Screening for hypothyroidism was carried out in three States, and 29 cases of congenital hypothyroidism were detected in 1978 (an incidence of 1/5894).
What future for the NHS? The report the media missed.
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