Biomedical subjects

J McCormick

Publications and source records attributed to J McCormick.

115 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

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Deconstructing the gender neutrality of chronic illness and disability.

Although a great deal has been written in the fields of women's health and disability/chronic illness, there is surprisingly little cross-fertilization. The dominant narrative within society orients us toward a view of chronic illness and disability that is gender neutral and devoid of social context. Examination of the ways in which chronic illness and disability are differently experienced by men and women creates a foundation upon which the implications of the dominant narrative can be explored. In this analysis, the authors find clinical, sociopolitical, and theoretical implications that derive from the traditional reluctance to consider the intersection of these fields of study. They conclude with recommendations for broadening our vision, correcting the omissions within our knowledge, and rethinking our part in contributing to inequities within society.

Attitude to Health↗

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Abstracting women: essentialism in women's health research.

Women's desire to take control of their own bodies creates a natural affinity between the projects of feminism and women's health research. Feminists have used the categories of woman/women, gender, and sex as foundation terms to designate the subject of feminist theories. Universal categories, which have been exposed as essentialist by postmodern and poststructural critiques, create falsely unified subject positions that fail to account for the diversity of women and also fail to acknowledge the situated interests of the dominant groups whose perspectives they reflect. Because it adopts these same categories, research in women's health is also permeated with this essentialized understanding, whether or not it is overtly feminist. In this paper, we point out the dangers of the unreflective use of woman/women, gender, and sex in women's health research. We conclude, that for political purposes, however, a carefully considered "strategic essentialism" can be warranted in research aimed at improving women's health.

Female↗

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Sloth.

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Behavior↗

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An electromyographic analysis of shoulder function in tennis players.

Shoulder injuries in tennis players are common because of the repetitive, high-magnitude forces generated around the shoulder during the various tennis strokes. An understanding of the complex sequences of muscle activity in this area may help reduce injury, enhance performance, and assist the rapid rehabilitation of the injured athlete. The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, middle deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, and serratus anterior muscles were studied in six uninjured male Division II collegiate tennis players using dynamic electromyography (EMG) and synchronized high-speed photography. Each subject performed the tennis serve and the forehand and backhand groundstrokes, and each stroke was divided into stages. The tennis serve contains four stages. Three stages characterize the forehand and backhand groundstrokes. Our results indicate that the subscapularis, pectoralis major, and serratus anterior display the greatest activity during the serve and forehand. The middle deltoid, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus are most active in the acceleration and follow-through stages of the backhand. The biceps brachii increases its activity during cocking and follow-through in the serve with a similar pattern noted in the acceleration and follow-through stages of the forehand and backhand. The serratus anterior demonstrates intense activity in the serve and forehand, thus providing a stable platform for the humeral head and assisting in gleno-humeral-scapulothoracic synchrony. The tennis serve and forehand and backhand groundstrokes are accomplished by complex sequences of muscle activity that incorporate contributions from the lower extremities and trunk into smooth, coordinated patterns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

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Is audit all hype?

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Humans↗

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Transfer of maternal anti-rotavirus IgG to the mucosal surfaces and bile of turkey poults.

Turkey poults from hens vaccinated against avian group A rotavirus were examined to study the transfer of maternally derived anti-rotavirus IgG (rIgG) to the mucosal surfaces (intestinal and tracheal), serum, yolk, and bile. During the first week of life, maternal rIgG titers in intestinal mucosal washings were 200-to-500-fold less than rIgG titers in the circulation, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The intestinal titers in 10- and 13-day-old poults were negligible. A moderate linear correlation (r = 0.6) was present between rIgG titer in the blood circulation and the intestines, with a serum cutoff level of 10,000 ELISA units. Maternal rIgG was detected in tracheal washings only during the first 3 days of life. Biliary rIgG titers were fourfold higher than intestinal titers at day of hatch but had declined considerably in 1-day-old poults. Yolk had relatively high rIgG titers at hatching. Maternal rIgG titer in the small intestine was determined after in situ ligation of the individual segments; it was highest in the duodenum, followed by the ileum and jejunum. There was evidence that rIgG in the intestine was transferred from the blood and not directly from the yolk sac. Bidirectional movement of rIgG between circulation and intestine was also detected. Maternal rIgG was not detected in the intestinal washings of progeny from hens naturally infected with rotavirus.

Animals↗

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Caring for dying children: nurses' experiences.

Interviews with 25 nurses in this grounded theory study show that when nurses recognized that a child's death was inevitable, they struggled with both grief distress and moral distress. Their distress occurred within the context of the nurse-patient relationship. Nurses employed a range of strategies to manage their distress. Several conditions facilitated or constrained nurses' strategies, and resulted in far-reaching implications both professionally and personally.

Adolescent↗