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Biomedical subjects

J McArthur

Publications and source records attributed to J McArthur.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

HIV-1 infection: no evidence of cognitive decline during the asymptomatic stages. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Cross-sectional studies have not adequately resolved the question of whether subjects infected with HIV-1 may suffer cognitive decline during the early, asymptomatic stages of the infection. We studied longitudinally 238 asymptomatic healthy HIV-1-infected homosexual/bisexual men (CDC groups 2 and 3) and 170 uninfected controls in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study with neuropsychological testing at semiannual intervals. A comparison of change in scores between visits 1 and 4 as well as a multivariate autoregressive analysis revealed no evidence of decline in test performance over time in the HIV-1-infected group compared with the seronegative controls. These findings suggest that a gradual cognitive decline does not occur during the early, asymptomatic stages of HIV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Microphysiological recordings at CT gantry site during stereotactic thalamotomy.

Neural unit recording was performed during CT-guided stereotactic thalamotomy in 2 patients referred for severe cerebellar ataxia and dysmetric movements. Periodic CT scanning was performed during the recording in order to verify probe location and trajectory. Our experience with electrophysiological recordings at the CT gantry site demonstrates the feasibility of acquiring satisfactory neural unit recordings in spite of the high-voltage environment.

Brain↗
PubMed1989

Intraoperative CT-guided serial microbiopsy of brain lesions and concomitant use of CT air and angiographic studies.

The value of step-by-step confirmation of the location of the brain biopsy probe is demonstrated, using serial CT scanning to confirm the exact source of the sample tissue. Concomitant use of CT angiography and a CT air study makes possible the biopsy of small areas and of areas near major cerebral vessels, as well as of lesions near critical areas like the optic chiasma, basal ganglia, midbrain, and other complex lesions. The pathologist on-line examination of the CT-confirmed serial samples enables the surgeon to obtain the most informative tissue for the ultimate histopathological diagnosis. Our experience with the technique is illustrated by examples of its application in some complex cases.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Nifedipine in the prophylaxis of classic migraine: a crossover, double-masked, placebo-controlled study of headache frequency and side effects.

Twenty-four patients with classic migraine attacks were treated with either nifedipine or placebo for up to 12 weeks. No significant differences were observed between the nifedipine (2.1 +/- 0.2) and placebo (2.3 +/- 0.2) treatment groups in the monthly frequency of headaches. However, the incidence of side effects was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) in the nifedipine (54% of patients) than in the placebo (8% of patients) treatment groups.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1985

Diagnosing dementia. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the mental status examination.

Investigators have reported poor recognition of dementia by primary physicians. For this reason, mental status examinations were performed on 72 demented and 144 nondemented medical inpatients to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of components of this examination in the diagnosis of dementia. Sensitivity of individual level-of-orientation items was low (15.3 to 56.9%), though specificity was high (91.7 to 100%). Sensitivity of several nonorientation items was high (80.6 to 100%), though specificity was low. A multivariate discriminant equation using both orientation and nonorientation items achieved high sensitivity (89.6% test cases, 87.5% validation cases) and specificity (78.1% test cases, 87.5% validation cases). Adding the easily obtained patient characteristic of age to the equation further increased sensitivity (95.8%, 91.3%), while maintaining specificity (82.3%, 85.4%). From these results, it is concluded that the level-of-orientation screening examination used by clinicians to detect dementia is unacceptably insensitive. In contrast, a composite decision rule including nonorientation items achieves high sensitivity with relatively high specificity.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The first Scottish "Leopard"?

Leopard Syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition affecting multiple systems. We report a 35-year-old woman with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, pigmented naevi and growth retardation. We are unaware of previous cases reported in Scotland.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Septic arthritis caused by Propionibacterium acnes.

The traditional view that Propionibacterium acnes is nonpathogenic for man, except as an agent associated with acne vulgaris, has been refuted. Propionibacterium acnes has been shown to cause endocarditis, meningitis, and other serious infections. We report a case of P acnes infection causing septic arthritis and contributing to a concurrent soft-tissue infection. This case supports and extends previous observations of the clinical importance of P acnes as a pathogen. A positive culture for P acnes cannot be uncritically dismissed as a bothersome contaminant without considering the clinical circumstances.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

Monosomy 7 in a patient with pancytopenia and abnormal erythropoiesis.

In 1976, a patient with pancytopenia was found to have a population marrow cells with monosomy of chromosome 7 (45,XY,-7). Over the next 3 years he had continued abnormal hematopoiesis consisting of erythroid hyperplasia, ring sideroblasts, megaloblastic changes, and an increased proportion of myeloblasts. Sequential chromosome studies consistently showed the same abnormality without further karyotypic change. From the present study and comparable cases in the literature, there appears to be a distinct subgroup of patients with myeloproliferative disorders showing dyserythropoiesis with monosomy of deletion of chromosome 7 in the marrow cells.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1977

The rapid diagnosis of cholera.

A simple method is described for the diagnosis of cholera, literally within seconds, and for the typing of the organism within minutes. Diagnosis is made directly by the microscopical examination of a drop of rice-water stool, using immersion dark-ground illumination, with no adjustment whatever of the lighting, condenser, or objective. It uses the miniature microscope, either in the laboratory, or held in the hand in the absence of a bench, for example at the bedside or in the field. The method depends on the characteristic movement of Vibrio cholerae, on this being instantly visible, under the most difficult conditions if necessary, by the automatic adjustment of the immersion dark ground condenser of the miniature microscope, and on the cessation of the movement of the organism within five minutes of adding a drop of the appropriate antiserum. The method is proving of value in remote areas where cholera is unexpected, where time would be lost in sending a specimen to a properly equipped laboratory, and where isolation of a case may be vital; but it is also claimed to be of value even where cholera is expected and where proper laboratory facilities already exist.

Cholera↗