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Biomedical subjects

J Mayo

Publications and source records attributed to J Mayo.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Pneumococcal pyomyositis. Case report, review of the literature, and comparison with classic pyomyositis caused by other bacteria.

Pyomyositis is caused by staphylococci in 70% to 90% of patients. We report a case of pneumococcal pyomyositis (PP), review the 11 cases previously published, and compare the features of pneumococcal pyomyositis with those of classic (nonpneumococcal) pyomyositis. Several clinical characteristics have been identified that are notably different in both groups. Psoas muscle involvement was observed in two thirds of the patients with PP, and a source for the infection was identified in half of the patients. Patients with PP were older than those with classic pyomyositis. Men were affected less often than women with PP, but the opposite was the rule in classic pyomyositis. The systemic response to the infection was more prominent in patients infected with pneumococci than from other causes. Most patients with PP were successfully treated with antibiotics and drainage. Secondary meningitis was observed in 3 patients with psoas muscle abscess caused by pneumococci. Mortality is low in pyomyositis regardless of the causative pathogen.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Celiac plexus block as treatment for refractory pain related to sclerosing cholangitis in AIDS patients.

Sclerosing cholangitis may be a cause of refractory pain in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. We performed celiac plexus block in three such patients with sever pain from sclerosing cholangitis and a poor response to conventional analgesia. The pain had been centered in the epigastrium and/or upper-right quadrant of the abdomen for 2, 10, and 15 weeks, respectively. Computed tomography-guided celiac plexus block with absolute alcohol and bupivacaine was performed. All three patients reported complete disappearance of the pain immediately after the procedure in two cases and 3 days later in the remaining patient. All patients were discharged free of pain and without analgesics and were followed up for 2, 8, and 11 months, respectively, without recurrence of pain. Celiac plexus block deserves further trial for the treatment of severe pain associated with sclerosing cholangitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The quality of life of our three patients was considerably improved with this relatively simple procedure.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1996

Sulfadiazine-induced multiple urolithiasis and acute renal failure in a patient with AIDS and Toxoplasma encephalitis.

OBJECTIVE: To report a patient with sulfadiazine-induced urolithiasis and acute renal failure. CASE SUMMARY: A patient with AIDS who was being treated with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine for Toxoplasma encephalitis developed lumbar pain, dysuria, urinary frequency, and hematuria. Acute renal failure was found and numerous crystals of sulfadiazine were seen in the urine. Multiple calculi of up to 2 cm in diameter in both kidneys were noted on ultrasound. The patient was treated with intravenous fluids and alkalinization of the urine with rapid improvement. An intravenous urographic study performed 2 days later showed no evidence of calculi and renal function was normal. DISCUSSION: Patients with AIDS and Toxoplasma encephalitis may have several predisposing conditions that can lead to the development of sulfadiazine-induced crystalluria, including poor fluid intake, fever, diarrhea, and hypoalbuminemia, in addition to the high doses of the drug required and the prolonged period of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This potentially serious complication can be managed easily with conservative treatment. Clinicians should be aware of this complication as it is expected to occur more frequently as more patients are treated with sulfonamides and patients with AIDS experience longer survival rates.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

In vivo drug screening applications of HIV-infected cells cultivated within hollow fibers in two physiologic compartments of mice.

Previous studies demonstrated that human cell lines can be cultivated in hollow fibers in the subcutaneous and intraperitoneal compartments of mice. We have extended the range of cell lines to include cells infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Furthermore, these HIV-infected cells have been shown to replicate in the hollow fibers located in both physiologic compartments (intraperitoneal and subcutaneous) of SCID mice. Treatment of the host mice with antiviral agents can suppress virus replication in these hollow fiber cultures. The potential use of this system for early in vivo screening of anti-HIV compounds is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

A 24-year-old man infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) developed cough and progressive dyspnea over a period of 4 weeks. Absolute blood eosinophil count was 3360/mm3. Chest X-ray revealed alveolointerstitial infiltrates in both lower lobes. Eosinophilia was also found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The clinical picture improved dramatically with steroids. Other causes of acute eosinophilic pneumonia were excluded.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Massive reversible pulmonary cysts in a patient with AIDS.

We report the case of a patient with AIDS who presented with bilateral, massive pulmonary cystic disease and pneumothorax presumably caused by Pneumocystis carinii which responded to treatment with cotrimoxazole. Follow-up with sequential chest X-rays and computed tomography scans showed a progressive improvement in the lung cysts which had resolved almost completely 11 months later. Several theories have been proposed to explain the cavitary lesions in this infection. The course observed in our patient suggests that a non-destructive mechanism was responsible for his lung cysts.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Integrating nursing research and practice: Part II-A Delphi study of nursing practice priorities for research-based solutions.

Reading formal research reports and developing the art of critical analysis and evaluation are essential skills for nurses in practice. Here is an opportunity to begin developing these skills as Catherine Cooney, Susan Stebbings, Margaret Roxburgh, Janice Mayo, Niqui Keen, Ellen Evans and Therese Meehan report a survey done by nurses in Northland. Feedback through letters to the editor would be welcomed.

Delphi Technique↗
PubMed1994

Aspergillus pneumonia successfully treated with itraconazole in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

The case of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed pneumonia caused by Aspergillus fumigatus is described. She was treated with itraconazole 200 mg twice daily, with a rapid response. After a follow-up period of 5 years no recurrence of the infection has been detected. To our knowledge this is the first report on the use of itraconazole in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Considering the poor prognosis associated with Aspergillus pneumonia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, we believe that itraconazole constitutes a safe and effective alternative to amphotericin B in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Neuropsychological differences but comparable regional cerebral blood changes in asymptomatic HIV-1-positive and -negative drug addicts.

The objective of this study was to characterize the cognitive status of a population of asymptomatic HIV-positive drug addicts (patient group) to document the relationship between neuropsychological results and cerebral blood flow defects as measured by single photon emission computed tomography. As a control group we employed an age-matched population of HIV-seronegative drug addicts. Some neuropsychological differences were found between patients and controls and between drug addicts and normal population. We could not detect any difference in cerebral blood flow rates among HIV-1-positive and -negative drug addicts.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1994

[Seroprevalence of delta virus and hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic infection with hepatitis B virus].

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of hepatitis delta and hepatitis C viruses (HDV and HCV) in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) with and without risk behaviors for the infection by these viruses and by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and serological study (January 1990-December 1992) at Medicine Service at Galdacano Hospital of 109 patients with positive hepatitis B surface antigen and without clinical or serological evidence of acute hepatitis, 60 without risk behaviors for the infection, 45 parenteral drug abusers (PDA) and 4 homosexual males. RESULTS: Chronic HDV infection was observed in 60% of PDA and more frequently among HIV-positive patients (p < 0.05). In six of these patients the serological determination of HDV-Ag was positive. Chronic HDV and HCV infection rates in patients without risk behaviors were 1.6% and 16%, respectively. Eighty-eight percent of PDA had anti-HCV; no differences were observed between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients (p = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS: HDV was particularly associated with parenteral drug abuse, with a similar prevalence to other surveys conducted in Spain. The higher frequency of HDV and HDV-Ag among HIV-positive patients could indicate a greater susceptibility to HDV in clinical conditions associated with immunosuppression. HCV infection occurs at early stages and is common among PDA infected with HBV, with no apparent association with patient's age, years of drug abuse or HIV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Motor abnormalities and changes in the noradrenaline content and the cytoarchitecture of developing cerebellum following X-irradiation at birth.

We have studied the developmental time-course of changes in the noradrenaline (NA) content of cerebellum (CE), cytoarchitecture of the cerebellar cortex, and motor abnormalities induced by the exposure of the cephalic end of rats to a single dose (5 Gy) of X-irradiation immediately after birth. At all ages examined, i.e., from postnatal (PN) d 5 to 90, CE from exposed animals show a marked atrophy, with an agranular cortex that has lost its layered structure. Purkinje cells are scattered at all depths in the cortex, and their primary dendrite is randomly oriented. The motor syndrome includes dystonia-like movements, a fine tremor, and an ataxic gait. Being progressive, the abnormal movements are evident from PN d 10, and fully developed by d 30. On the other hand, no differences in cerebellar NA content between X-irradiated rats and age-matched nonirradiated controls were detected from PN d 5 to 60. However, at PN d 90 a significant increase in NA content of CE from exposed animals is found when compared to either age-matched controls (+36%, p < 0.01), or data from irradiated rats obtained at PN d 5 to 60 (p < 0.01). These results indicate a temporal dissociation between the motor and cytoarchitectural abnormalities and the increase in cerebellar NA content produced by a single dose of X-rays at birth. The late increase in cerebellar NA content might represent a compensatory response of noradrenergic terminals to an altered information flow out of the cerebellar cortex induced by the ionizing noxa.

Animals↗