[Current advances in HIV pathogenesis. Results of therapy and vaccine development].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Biomarkers↗
Biomedical subjects
J Mayer
Publications and source records attributed to J Mayer.
Bioactive synthetic peptide of NDF/heregulin.
A folded synthetic peptide analog of NDF (NDF5), which has the 52 amino acid EGF-like domain of NDF alpha 2, has been characterized. The folded peptide stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of Her2, Her3 and Her4 in breast cancer cells and competes with low affinity with full-length NDF alpha 2 for binding to the cells, while the linear one does not. NDF5 also induces morphologic changes in breast cancer cells. After several days treatment with NDF5 or NDF alpha 2, Her2-transfected MCF7 cells (Her2/MCF7) became similar morphologically to non-transfected MCF7. The biological activity of NDF5 is between 1/10 and 1/100 that of NDF alpha 2. This suggests that other motifs, such as the Ig and spacer domains may be important elements in conferring full activity.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection].
Recent use of modern methods in the field of molecular biology has provided new insights into the genetic and structural nature of HIV, which are now increasingly being applied to the diagnostic work-up. For the reliable laboratory diagnosis of HIV infection, three different possibilities are available: detection of specific antibodies against viral proteins (anti HIV AB), detection of the virus itself (HIV antigen) and detection of viral nucleic acid using in vitro amplification techniques. In this overview, we compare clinical and diagnostic parameters of an HIV infection, and discuss the current state of the art of an HIV infection and the future prospects offered by new molecular biological methods such as the use of recombinant antigens or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of viral nucleic acid.
AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: a forgotten minimally invasive operation.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
Sepsis and septic shock. I. Definitions and pathophysiology.
Mortality from septic shock is considerable despite the advantages of cardiovascular support and antibiotic therapy. Understanding the pathophysiology of sepsis enables clinicians to institute rational intervention directed towards the pathophysiological mechanisms. This article reviews definitions of sepsis and offers a brief overview of ist pathophysiology. Current knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanism of cytokines and modulation of systemic cytokine levels during sepsis and septic shock is discussed. The important role of cytokines in sepsis and septic shock may require more detailed investigations of the cytokine pathophysiological network.
Cytokines↗
Sepsis and septic shock. II. Treatment.
Mortality from septic shock is considerable despite the advantages of cardiovascular support and antibiotic therapy. This article reviews current therapy of septic shock including immunotherapy and further possibilities of septic shock treatment. The role of cytokines, their inhibitors and antibodies to endotoxin is mentioned. Although these treatments hold much promise for the future, careful evaluation of both the benefits and complications of therapy is needed before widespread clinical use can be recommended.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
Comparison of MIDI Sherlock system and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in characterizing strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a recent hospital outbreak.
An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections at the University of Utah Health Sciences Center occurred over a 7-month period. While the isolates phenotypically appeared to be similar in gross morphology and have similar Vitek antibiotic susceptibility patterns, two additional methods of strain characterization were evaluated to enhance the epidemiological investigation: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and gas chromatography with the MIDI Sherlock system. Sherlock uses gas chromatography to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the cellular fatty acid composition of organisms and creates two-dimensional plots based on principal-component analysis to define groups of closely related organisms. All isolates were also evaluated by digesting their chromosomal DNAs with the low-frequency-cutting enzyme SmaI and separating the restriction fragments by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis. Sample preparation for this pulsed-field gel electrophoresis included a novel cell lysis procedure involving achromopeptidase, greatly reducing the turnaround time. Isolates tested were recovered from the following: 45 suspected outbreak patients, 6 hospitalized patients believed to be unrelated to the outbreak, 6 patients from outside the hospital, and one health care practitioner implicated in the outbreak. Of 45 phenotypically similar suspect strains, 43 clustered tightly on the Sherlock two-dimensional plot. All outbreak patient isolates were also identical by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with the exception of the same two outliers identified by Sherlock. In this epidemiologic investigation, we found an excellent correlation between the Sherlock and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis results for strain characterization of methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
Effect of vitamin K on oral anticoagulation.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Administration, Oral↗
A molecular epidemiological case-control study of lung cancer.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts were measured by ELISA in peripheral leukocytes from 119 non-small cell lung cancer patients and 98 controls at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. Thirty-one cases had adduct measurements in leukocytes, lung tumor, and nontumor specimens collected at surgery, and 34 had paired leukocyte and tumor specimens. Information on smoking, diet, and occupational exposure was collected. After adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, season, and smoking, adducts in leukocytes were significantly higher in cases (P < 0.01) than controls; the odds ratio was 7.7 (95% confidence interval = 1.7-34; P < 0.01). Adducts in leukocytes were increased significantly in smokers and ex-smokers compared to nonsmokers among cases and controls (separately and combined) after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, and season (P < 0.05). The cases and controls differed in several respects: (a) adducts increased with the number of cigarettes smoked among the 51 cases who were current smokers (P = 0.05) but not among the current smokers in the controls; and (b) a seasonal variation in DNA binding, corresponding to that reported for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility, was observed in cases but not in controls. Among the cases, adducts in leukocytes were correlated more strongly with adducts in the lung tumor tissue than with those in nontumor lung tissue. The results in leukocytes are consistent with a constitutional susceptibility to lung cancer, which results in greater DNA damage from carcinogens in cigarette smoke. They suggested that it may ultimately be possible to use biomarkers such as adducts to identify individuals who would benefit most from early intervention.
Case-Control Studies↗
[Present possibilities of prevention of infectious complications associated with central venous catheter systems].
Central venous access devices are a major source of nosocomial infection. The skin and catheter hub are the two major sources for the introduction of the colonizing organisms. Authors reviewed up-to-date prophylactic possibilities in this paper. Prophylactic measures include a skilled team, topical disinfectants, topical antibiotics, new types of devices such as coating catheter with antiseptic agent and catheter with silver impregnated cuffs, maximal barrier precautions during insertion, systemic vancomycin therapy of high risk patients. Exchanging central venous catheters over a guidewire might be useful diagnostically but have not been used to be of any therapeutic or prophylactic goal. Prophylactic antibiotic lock of device and use of fibrinolytic agent to clean the device may be useful but can not be a standard recommendation.
Catheterization, Central Venous↗
[Subcutaneous chamber systems (ports) for long-term care in cancer patients].
Maintenance of satisfactory and safe venous access in cancer patients is part of a comprehensive care of cancer patients. As the Hickman/Broviac catheter is today used an implantable port. This port is placed in a subcutaneous pocket. The catheter connected to the port leads into the central vein, usually through the subclavian vein. An application of drugs in the port is done trough the skin. In this time could be used different types of ports, one or two chambers port, low profil port, peripheral port and others. In this paper we reported our two-years experience with 33 totally implantable access systems, which has been implanted in patients with cancer in Masaryk University Hospital Brno Bohunice. In our department was most frequently used port the nonmetallic port IMPLANTOFIX (BRAUN MELSUNGEN). All ports were in place for a total of 5,582 days, in average of 169 days. A frequency of complications were 2.15 on 1,000 days. Four ports were in place for longer than 1 year. A comparison of the incidence of complications in the present study with an analysis of 23 studies reported in literature was satisfactory. Minimal maintenance care, no restriction of life activity, improving quality of life and probably less frequency of infection complications, identify it as a significant advantage for the satisfactory maintenance of venous access of oncology patients in comparison with Hickman/Broviac catheter. Both the patients and the nursing staff showed a very high degree of satisfaction with this system. In cancer patients, especially with poor venous access, and prognosis longer than 6 months can be indicated this system with the advantage for patients.
Adolescent↗
[Hemocoagulation and hemorheology in heart failure and the possible effects of glycosaminoglycans].
Chronic congestive heart failure is one of the risk groups of acquired hypercoagulant and hyperviscous state. In a group of patients with medium and severe cardiac failure the administration of sulodexide led to an increased activation of the fibrinolytic potential--a drop of PAI-1 and fibrinogen, to an increased activation of anticoagulatory potential--an increase of AT III and reduced plasma viscosity. Global coagulation and biochemical screening parameters were not affected by treatment. Administration of the preparation did not exert important undesirable effects and was well tolerated.
Aged↗
[Tolerance and results of treatment of Hodgkin's disease].
At present the accepted standard chemotherapeutic treatment of Hodgkin's disease is therapy according to the MOPP pattern (mustargen, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone) alternating with the ABVD therapeutic pattern (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine). It is substantial for achieving optimal results to administer the planned treatment in non-reduced doses and at the scheduled time. In the submitted paper the authors describe the tolerance of chemotherapy and its results in 15 patients and the tolerance of radiotherapy in another four patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease. Complications of chemotherapy (leukopenia and infection) caused an overall average retardation of chemotherapy of 37 days per patient. This interval would be certainly longer if the patients were not given Leucomax Schering Plough. From a total of four patients given radiotherapy Leucomax had to be administered to two, otherwise radiotherapy would have had to be discontinued on account of a decline of leucocytes.
Adolescent↗
[Transplantation of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells. 1].
The authors present a review of findings pertaining to the transplantation of haematopoietic stem cells of the peripheral blood. They pay particular attention to the theoretical basis of this transplantation, its history and technical procedure. The selection of literature concentrates on important original work. The whole problem was divided into three parts. In the first part the authors pay attention to haematopoiesis, cultivation of haematopoietic cells and the discovery of haematopoietic stem cells of the peripheral blood.
Animals↗
[Transplantation of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells. 2].
The authors present a review of findings pertaining to the transplantation of haematopoietic stem cells of the peripheral blood. They pay particular attention to the theoretical basis of this transplantation, its history and technical procedure. The selection of literature concentrates on important original work. The author divided the problem into three parts. In the present second part they pay attention to the beginnings of the clinical application of stem cell transplantations. The author describes work which revealed that the concentration of peripheral stem cells can be elevated under certain conditions, as well as work dealing with the first transplantations of stem cells in humans.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation↗
[Transplantation of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells. 3].
The authors are presenting a review of findings pertaining to the transplantation of haematopoietic stem cells in the peripheral blood. They pay attention in particular to the theoretical basis of this transplantation, history and technical procedure. The selection of literature concentrates on important original work. The authors divided the whole problem into three parts. In the present third part they pay attention to methods od stimulation of the concentration of stem cells, the importance of assessing their concentration by means of flow-cytometry, blood separators, cryopreservation and administration of stem cells. Perspectives for the future are also outlined.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation↗
[Personal experience with replacement therapy with intravenous gamma globulin].
Replacement therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is currently the therapy of choice in patients with antibody-formation deficiency. Our 30-month experience with IVIG treatment in 8 patients with common variable immunodeficiency and in 4 patients with x-linked agammaglobulinemia previously treated by intramuscular immunoglobulin or low-dose IVIG is presented. Long-term dosage was 400 mg/kg once in 3--4 weeks. Ten patients reported an improvement of their health state, especially the signs of their chronic bronchitis improved. Compared to 2 cases of pneumonia which occurred within 30 months before IVIG therapy had started, no case of pneumonia occurred during IVIG treatment. Infusion rate of 4 mg/kg/min was safe enough in 11 of our patients. Serum trough IgG level is the most important for laboratory monitoring of the patients under IVIG therapy.
Adult↗
[Osteoporosis. 1].
This article reviews the available data considering the question of pathogenesis and diagnostic of osteoporosis. Low bone mass can occur because there is insufficient bone deposited in the skeleton during growth, modelling, or because bone tissue is subsequently lost, remodelling. Peak bone mass is largely under genetic control, adequate nutrition during growth. Bone loss results from disturbance of bone remodelling, a continuous preventive maintenance programme in the adult skeleton. Bone remodelling is a quantum phenomenon that occurs in discrete units in four phases. Calciotropic hormones modulate the bone-cell production rate of cytokines and growth factors. Cytokines also locally mediate the effects of several hormones on bone cells. Disruption of the remodelling cycle at one of several points will lead to bone loss. Osteoporosis is a disease characterised by low bone mass per unit volume, microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to enhance bone fragility, and a consequent increase in fracture risk.
Humans↗