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Biomedical subjects

J Mayer

Publications and source records attributed to J Mayer.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Evaluation of injured intestine with the aid of fluorescein.

In an animal model, a new diagnostic use for fluorescein as an aid in determining intestinal viability after blunt trauma, has been evaluated. Areas of traumatized intestine that do not fluoresce are invariably necrotic; fluorescing tissue is always viable. Fluorescein is a simple and rapid means of evaluating traumatized intestine, and it may prove to be a useful adjunct to the clinical examination.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Sarcoidosis and rubeosis iridis].

In this case of sarcoidosis the prominent ophthalmologic manifestation was neovascularization of the iris and of the angle, with glaucoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene and other pollutants during the burning of anthracite nut and brown coal briquettes in a room heater].

After the measurements of emissions from an oil oven and a gas oven (2) the investigation on room heaters was continued with a coal oven. This oven had a nominal power of 7 kW. The following pollutants were measured: polycyclic aromatics, benzene, the total gaseous hydrocarbons, soot/fly ash and NOx. Studies were made with anthrazit-nut brown-coal briquettes. Investigations and results are described in a research report (3). This paper presents a summary of the research report. The emissions of almost all measured pollutants were essential larger at the coal oven than those from the oil and the gas oven.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1982

[Polycyclic aromatics in airborne dusts and emissions: profiles, the problem of determining origin and the role of analytics].

Already different possibilities were proposed for source identification of polycyclic aromatics. The following aspects are discussed in the present paper: the ratios of benzo(a)-pyrene to benzo(ghi)perylene and to coronene, the presence of individual compounds, the profiles of di- and polycycles containing sulfur, the complete profiles, the intensities of homolog series of polycycles. Essentially basing on the results by high resolution-low voltage mass spectrometry but also by disagreements in the results of different authors it is proved that none of these considerations are useful for determining origin of polycyclic aromatics. It is considered, if some proposals simply were motivated by insufficient analytics. In this connection important analytical methods and results obtained therewith are discussed. The following estimation is given for domestic ovens with powers up to 9 k W: the ratio of total emission of polycycles from gas oven, oil oven, and coal oven is approximately 0.001:1:100. At such ratios already the distinction between the contributions of heating becomes difficult, because at a little part of coal heatings the emissions of them are predominant. Up to now the best separations of mixtures of polycycles succeeded by the high resolution-low voltage method. The multiplicity of types of compounds detected in various environmental samples and therewith the analytical difficulty is illustrated by novel graphic profiles. Because of the difficulties in determining exact structures of polycycles in environmental samples again the question is asked, if it is ingenious to maintain the principle of analyzing individual compounds.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1980

Effect of p-chlorophenylalanine on the acquisition of tolerance to the hypnotic effects of pentobarbital, barbital, and ethanol.

Rats were given pentobarbital by daily intubation. Sleeping times and blood levels of drug at awakening, after intraperitoneal test doses of ethanol, pentobarbital, or barbital, were measured at various times during chronic treatment in order to assess the degree of tolerance developed. No central nervous system (CNS) tolerance to pentobarbital or cross-tolerance to barbital or ethanol occurred on treatment with sodium pentobarbital, 50 mg/kg, daily. However, when the size and frequency of pentobarbital treatment doses were increased (50-80 mg/kg, three times daily) a clear CNS tolerance to barbital occurred. Chronic administration of p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), in a dose previously shown to maintain more than 95% depletion of brain serotonin (5-HT), enhanced the acute hypnotic effect of barbiturates and ethanol. Independently of this effect, p-CPA treatment also resulted in a reduction in the development of CNS tolerance. These results are consistent with earlier findings that brain 5-HT depletion retards tolerance development to central depressant drugs as measured by a variety of unrelated tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Methadone effects on brain functioning and type A and B CNV shapes.

Twelve male outpatients participating in a methadone maintenance treatment program were evaluated for the effects of acute administration of methadone on brain functioning (contingent negative variation or CNV), attention performance (reaction time and continuous performance test), and psychophysiological activity (heart rate and eye blink rate). Individual differences in response to methadone were assessed by classifying patients into two groups on the basis of basal CNV shapes: Type A (quick rise time) and type B (slow rise time). Methadone produced a pattern of increased electrical brain activity (CNV) and enhanced attention performance in type B patients and elevated heart rate and lowered eye blink rate in type A subjects. Results are interpreted in terms of the distraction-arousal and the eye blink-hedonia hypotheses.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Juvenile-onset obesity and deficits in caloric regulation in MSG-treated rats.

Caloric regulation and the development of obesity were examined in rats which had received parenteral injections of monosodium glutamate (MSG) as neonates. Rats were injected with either 2 mg/g or 4 mg/g MSG on alternate days for the first 20 days of life. Lee Indices of obesity were calculated at 22, 70, and 130 days of age. Animals in the 4 mg/g group were significantly more obese than controls at all three ages. However, both food intake and body weight of this group were significantly lower than those of controls. In adulthood, the ability to regulate caloric intake was tested by allowing animals access to diets of varying caloric densities. While control animals maintained relatively constant caloric intakes across dietary conditions, MSG-treated animals demonstrated an inability to respond to caloric challenges. Treated animals decreased caloric intake on a diluted diet and consumed more calories than controls when presented with a calorically dense diet. This inability to regulate caloric intake is compared with regulatory deficits observed in animals sustaining lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus. The value of an animal model of juvenile-onset obesity is also discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Narcotic antagonist treatment: clinical experience with naltrexone.

Narcotic antagonist (naltrexone) treatment experience with 22 opioid addicts over a 29-month period shows that the mean duration of receipt of naltrexone was 6.2 weeks, and 12 subjects (55%) continued in treatment after cessation of naltrexone for an average of 5.6 weeks. Analysis of physical and behavioral measured revealed no toxicity, indicating that naltrexone appears to be a safe drug. Clinical evaluation of the patients receiving naltrexone suggests that ingestion of naltrexone provides a degree of external control, reducing the preoccupation with heroin and releasing energy for the pursuit of other goals. Subject follow-up at an average of 45.3 weeks after cessation of naltrexone indicated that 11 (58%) were known to be abstinent, and 9 (47%) subjects were employed compared with 3 (16%) employed at the onset of treatment.

Adolescent↗