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Biomedical subjects

J Mayberry

Publications and source records attributed to J Mayberry.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Factors associated with joint custody awards.

Court records of 358 divorce cases involving children from matched counties in two states with opposite legal presumptions concerning joint legal custody were reviewed. The impact of such presumptions upon actual custody awards was examined, as well as the correlation between demographic and other custody arrangement variables and joint legal and physical custody in both states. It was found that the existence of a presumption concerning joint legal custody affected legal but not physical custody award patterns. Significant correlations were discovered between joint custody and the presence of specific language in court orders concerning parental rights/responsibilities and financial support for children; parental education; gender of plaintiff; welfare agency involvement and defendants' requests for custody. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Inflammatory bowel disease in rural sub-Saharan Africa: rarity of diagnosis in patients attending mission hospitals.

One hundred and eighteen missionaries working on 75 mission stations or hospitals in 24 sub-Saharan African countries provided information about their medical practice in the preceding year of 1981. Details were collected of the total number of patients seen and admitted during the year, and the number of cases of bloody diarrhoea, typhoid and inflammatory bowel disease. Over 1 million outpatients and about 190,000 inpatients were treated. These included 12,859 cases of bloody diarrhoea, of whom 1,914 had typhoid. Twenty-two cases of inflammatory bowel disease were also reported. Histological support was least available in West Africa and only 25% of hospitals had access to this facility. Nevertheless, the frequency with which inflammatory bowel disease in sub-Saharan Africa is difficult and limited by access to diagnostic facilities. It is likely to be some time before reliable estimates of the incidence and prevalence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in the rural African population can be made.

Africa, Eastern↗
PubMed1989

A study of the menopause, smoking, and contraception in women with Crohn's disease.

One hundred and ninety-six women with Crohn's disease from south-east Wales were asked to provide details of their menstrual cycles, age at menopause, history of surgery, smoking habits and use of oral contraceptives. One hundred and forty-six provided the information (response rate 77 per cent). Eighty-four were still menstruating, three were pregnant, 10 had undergone hysterectomy, one had a pharmacologically-induced menopause and 48 had had a physiological menopause. Of these 48 women, 33 were diagnosed as having Crohn's disease before the menopause. Twenty-five of these were smokers. The mean age at menopause was similar in smokers and non-smokers and in those diagnosed before and after the menopause. The mean age at menopause was between 46 and 47. A logistic analysis using the 'status quo' method showed that 50 per cent of women with Crohn's disease had the menopause at 47.6 years compared with 49.6 years in a group of healthy women from the same area. The two groups had similar smoking habits and it would seem that a premature menopause is associated with Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Male fertility in Crohn's disease.

The fertility of 70 men with Crohn's disease and a group of age matched controls were compared. Crohn's disease was associated with a significant reduction in family size independent of steroid or sulphasalazine treatment.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

Relationship between morphologic characteristics of sickle cells and method of deoxygenation.

The relationship between the morphologic characteristics of sickle erythrocytes and the method of deoxygenation was studied using rectangular glass capillary tubes (0.05 X 0.5 X 50 mm). Deoxygenated blood samples were anaerobically collected into the tubes and directly observed under a microscope. A high yield (90%) of sickled red blood cells was observed if the sample was deoxygenated slowly with nitrogen gas. However, rapid deoxygenation by sodium dithionite resulted in low percentages of sickling and high percentages of irregularly shaped cells (mosaic cells). Mosaic cells were also formed upon rapid deoxygenation with nitrogen gas and thus appear to result from the precipitation of intracellular deoxygenated hemoglobin S. Only 20% of the mosaic cells converted to sickle cells with prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C. However, if the mosaic cells were cooled, desickled, and deoxygenated again slowly by nitrogen gas, most could be converted to typical sickle-shaped cells. Further studies on the comparison of sodium dithionite and sodium metabisulfite as reducing agents showed that sodium dithionite reduced intracellular hemoglobin rapidly, and sodium metabisulfite reduced it slowly. This difference explains the high yield of sickling with sodium metabisulfite compared with sodium dithionite.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1983

Recent progress in cardiac nursing and rehabilitation programmes.

The value of coronary care units in reducing mortality has been questioned in recent years. However, nurses working in such units have acquired considerable specialist knowledge about coronary artery disease and the psychological problems of patients requiring intensive care. During the 1970s several formal studies of patient management and secondary prevention were developed and reported by nurses. In this review these findings and their effects on patients, relatives and nursing staff are discussed.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1983

An audit of a medical anticoagulant clinic in a District General Hospital.

The working and costs of the anticoagulant clinic at the Royal Gwent Hospital was reviewed over the period July 1980-June 1981. The hospital notes of the patients were reviewed and a questionnaire distributed to each patient. The majority of patients have cardiac valve problems or deep vein thrombosis, the latter sometimes being associated with pulmonary emboli. No major complications were reported during the year, but 9.7% reported rectal bleeding or haematuria. The annual cost of running the clinic is approximately 20,000 pounds and, if this is representative of Britain as a whole, about 3.75 million pounds is spent annually on anti-coagulation clinics. Several recommendations are made for improving the anticoagulant clinic service, which includes making sure that the doctor at the clinic and the patient are made aware of the reason for anticoagulation, its duration, and possible side effects and interactions with other drugs.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1979

Incidence of Crohn's disease in Cardiff between 1934-1977.

The incidence of Crohn's disease in Cardiff between 1934 and 1977 has been examined using hospital diagnostic indices and supplemented in recent years by personal records from clinicians. A total of 232 cases of Crohn's disease were confirmed after all the notes had been reviewed. There has been a large increase from 0.18/cases/10(5) of the population per year in the 1930s to 4.8 cases/10(5)/year in the 1970s. The major change in incidence is thought to be real rather than apparent and involves all forms of the disease in each age group. The recognition of Crohn's disease of the colon in recent years appears to have played a minor part in the rise in incidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Crohn's disease.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Crohn Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arrowroot as a treatment for diarrhoea in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: Arrowroot is an old-fashioned remedy for diarrhoea, but no clinical studies have been done to evaluate its effectiveness. The aim of this pilot study was to assess its efficacy as a treatment for diarrhoea in 11 patients, all of whom had irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea as a feature. METHODS: The patients were interviewed and a questionnaire completed on entry into the trial. They then took 10 mL arrowroot powder three times a day for one month and discontinued the treatment for the subsequent month. Questionnaires were completed after one month on treatment and at the end of the trial after one month off treatment. RESULTS: Arrowroot reduced diarrhoea and had a long-term effect on constipation. It also eased abdominal pain. CONCLUSION: Arrowroot is an effective treatment for diarrhoea. Its action could be explained by several theories which relate to an increase in faecal bulk and thus a more efficient bowel action. The number of patients was small, and further studies are needed to substantiate preliminary results.

Adult↗