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Biomedical subjects

J Mauskopf

Publications and source records attributed to J Mauskopf.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The performance of urban and public hospitals and NHCs (neighborhood health centers) under Medicaid capitation programs.

This article reports the results of a study that examined what happened to the utilization of Medicaid beneficiaries, eligible under Aid to Families with Dependent Children, who were mandatorily enrolled in several capitated alternatives in the Kansas City area. Their experience is contrasted with that of a comparison group selected from the St. Louis area. The types of plans analyzed include those sponsored by hospitals, neighborhood health centers, HMOs, and private physicians (IPAs). With the exception of emergency room use, all plans controlled utilization equally well. Results are explained in light of their management and policy implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Medicaid program characteristics: effects on health care expenditures and utilization.

Relationships between State Medicaid program characteristics and program outputs are analyzed in this statistical report, using 1980 cross-sectional data from a variety of sources. The year 1980 furnishes a baseline against which program changes following the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 and the 1982 economic recession can be evaluated. Utilization and expenditures are modeled separately for each aid category and each major service category. This use of multiple models allows for measurement of the effect of program controls that might not appear in models of total utilization and expenditures.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Fertility and replacement: some alternative stochastic models and results for Brazil.

The observed joint distribution of births and child deaths for a cohort of women at a given point in time depends on the number of children that would have been born had the family experienced no deaths, the number of child deaths experienced, and the proportion of these deaths that are replaced by a subsequent birth. In this paper we estimate the parameters of the assumed distributions of these three events using a minimum distance estimation model and data from the 1970 Brazilian census. The parameter estimates are shown to be similar to those obtained previously using a maximum likelihood estimation model. When the data are subdivided according to women's years of schooling, estimates of probability of a child death and mean and variance of children born if no deaths decrease while estimates of probability of replacement of a dead child increase as years of schooling increase.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Reproductive response to child mortality: a maximum likelihood estimation model.

"The individual household's fertility response to an experienced child death, the replacement probability, is estimated for Brazil using a maximum likelihood estimation model.... The model allows the distribution of births, deaths, and replacement births to vary with included exogenous variables. The replacement probabilities estimated for Brazil were between .4 and .9 and varied systematically with women's education, rural-urban residence, and household electrification. Increased development was shown to be correlated with a lower number of surviving children."

Americas↗
PubMed1977

Interaction of uncharged bile salt derivatives with the ileal bile salt transport system.

Two series of uncharged conjugated bile salt derivatives, N-conjugates of ethanolamine and 3-amino-1,2-propanediol were studied for interaction with the ileal bile salt transport system. Evidence for interaction is threefold. 1) In everted gut sac experiments more material was removed from the mucosal compartment when ileal sacs were used. 2) These derivatives inhibited the in vitro transport of taurocholate. 3) In vivo intestinal perfusion demonstrated greater absorption from ileum than from jejunum. Number three demonstrates that such interactions are followed by transmucosal movement. Their uphill transport was less than taurocholate transport. The Na(+) requirement for cholyl-3-amino-1,2-propanediol interaction with the system was greater than for taurocholate. This observation is similar to that previously observed with taurodehydrocholate, which had a greater Na(+) requirement for transport than taurocholate. Therefore removal of the anionic charge, as well as distortion of steroid shape, increases the Na(+) requirement for substrate interaction with the transport system. These observations support our hypothesis that this interaction involves two recognition components; one includes the steroid moiety, the other a coulombic interaction between the anionic bile salt and a cationic membrane site. Additionally the membrane would have an anionic group to accomodate the Na(+). Both factors (steroidal and coulombic) operate for optimal substrate attachment. Simultaneously the system's affinity for Na(+) increases and active transport then proceeds.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Ionic requirements for the active ileal bile salt transport system.

Taurocholate transport by everted ileal gut sacs was studied in physiological media containing graded amounts of sodium ions. Significant uphill transport of taurocholate was observed when the bulk of NaCl was replaced by osmotic equivalents of mannitol or choline chloride. Seventy-seven percent of control transport activity was observed when 36 milliequivalents per liter of Na+ were present in the incubation medium with mannitol acting as the isosmotic replacement, and 74% of the control transport was retained when 31 milliequivalents per liter of Na+ were present in the incubation medium with choline chloride acting as the osmotic replacement. Lowering the Na+ concentration to 19 milliequivalents per liter (i.e., 84% replacement of Na+) still allowed for 69% of the uphill transport observed in the control incubations. Taurodehydrocholate transport by ileal everted sacs was more sensitive to decreased Na+ concentrations; 29% of control transport was observed at 31 milliequivalents per liter of Na+. A kinetic analysis comparing the transport of taurocholate with taurodehydrocholate, the triketo analogue, at different concentrations of Na+ indicated that the apparent affinity of the transport system for Na+ is greater in the presence of taurocholate than in the presence of taurodehydrocholate. The ability of taurodehydrocholate to depress taurocholate transport is less in media of low Na+ concentration. Finally, in vivo intestinal perfusion studies demonstrated that the depression of taurocholate absorption, following Na+ removal, is reversible. These results are in agreement with the idea that Na+ has a physiological role in intestinal bile salt transport, and that the affinities of the anionic bile salt and the sodium cation for the transport system appear to be cooperative in that one enhances the binding of the other.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Meeting the NICE requirements: a Markov model approach.

The National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) was established in the United Kingdom in April 1999 to issue guidance for the National Health Service (NHS) on the use of selective new health care interventions. This article describes the NICE requirements for both incidence-based cost-effectiveness analyses and prevalence-based estimates of the aggregate NHS impact of the new drug. The article demonstrates how both of these requirements can be met using Markov modeling techniques. A Markov model for a hypothetical new treatment for HIV infection is used as an illustration of how to generate the estimates that are required by NICE. The article concludes with a discussion of the difficulties of obtaining data of sufficient quality to include in the Markov model to ensure that the submission meets all the NICE requirements and is credible to the NICE advisory board.

Journal Article↗