Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Matthews.
The hypothesis that low maternal blood volume is an aetiological factor in fetal growth retardation was considered. It was found that a high proportion of women who had repeatedly given birth to small-for-dates babies had a low non-pregnant plasma volume.
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tRNA levels, base composition, and tRNA methylase activities of normal and tumor tissue from the spleens of 24 patients (18 with Hodgkin's disease and 6 with histiocytic lymphoma) were studied. There were no significant differences in major base composition of normal and tumor tissue. Methylated guanosine was increased in tumor tissue of some patients, and tRNA methylase activities were increased in extracts from the tumors.
The case index of the Cancer Institute of Victoria (Australia) contained 19 cases of adenocarcinoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Eighteen of the cases were in men and 1 in a women. Routine questioning of these patients revealed an occupation involving woodworking in 7 cases, whereas among 80 cases of other malignant tumors of the nose and sinuses there were only 4 who had been woodworkers. Among the patients with adenocarcinoma of the nose and sinuses, there was a significantly higher proportion of woodworkers than in the general population. The findings are consistent with European reports associating nasal adenocarcinoma with wood dust, but whereas the workers at risk in Europe are mainly in the furniture industry, some of the workers affected in Victoria have been sawmillers or carpenters. The specific salivary patterns of tumors of mucous glands are not associated with woodworking.
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1. Earlier it had been found that during fat mobilization there was an increased blood flow in the adipose tissue and the tissue contained a vasodilator substance.2. Extract of an activated fat pad contained 3 to 25 times as much activity as the contralateral resting fat pad.3. The following findings suggest that the vasodilator substance is prostagladin E(2):(a) It caused contractions of the guinea-pig ileum which were not reduced by mepyramine, but were reduced by atropine.(b) It caused a prolonged vasodilator response when injected closearterially to the epigastric fat pad.(c) It was eluted from a silicic acid column by a solvent system which is known to elute prostaglandins of the E series but not those of the F series.(d) Its indices of discrimination were similar to those of prostaglandin E's when assayed on three different pharmacological preparations.(e) On thin-layer chromatography it behaved more like prostaglandin E(2) than E(1).4. Neither prostaglandin E(1) nor prostaglandin E(2) inhibited the release of free fatty acids from the rabbit epigastric fat pad by ACTH(1-24).5. It seems likely that prostaglandin E(2) is responsible for the vasodilatation accompanying fat mobilization from adipose tissue.
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1. The epigastric adipose tissue of rabbits has been prepared so that the effects of close arterial injections and infusions on blood flow and release of free fatty acids (FFA) can be studied. The effects of pharmacologically active agents and hormone preparations have been investigated.2. Release of FFA was stimulated by synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), alpha and beta melanophore stimulating hormone (MSH), porcine growth hormone, glucagon, thyrotropic hormone (TSH) and luteotropic hormone (LTH). Single injections of fat-mobilizing agents produce a sustained rise in the release of FFA.3. Although pitressin caused release of FFA, synthetic vasopressin and oxytocin failed to do so. The FFA releasing activity of pitressin has therefore been attributed to a contaminant.4. Catecholamines were found not to stimulate release of FFA from this fat depot, but were found to increase plasma FFA when infused intravenously.5. Injections of acetylcholine, histamine, bradykinin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, synthetic arginine vasopressin, and lysine vasopressin, oxytocin, angiotensin and FSH did not stimulate release of FFA although marked effects on blood flow were produced.6. Injections of prostaglandin E(1) gave sustained increases in blood flow, and inhibited FFA release when stimulated by growth hormone.7. The mobilization of FFA is sometimes associated with an increased rate of blood flow.
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1. The effect of various experimental conditions has been studied on the transfer of hexoses and fluid by everted sacs of rat small intestine.2. The existence of glucose-dependent and glucose-independent mechanisms has been confirmed; the energy for the former comes from the citric acid cycle, and for the latter from either the glycolytic or pentose cycle.3. The energy for glucose transfer against a concentration gradient can come from metabolism of glucose by some route other than the citric acid cycle, or it may come from the citric acid cycle.4. Two-stage transfer of glucose is discussed as a possible explanation of the results.