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Biomedical subjects

J Marty

Publications and source records attributed to J Marty.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

A survey of attitudes toward two motivating factors.

A survey was conducted to determine the attitudes clinical laboratory workers in Utah had toward two intrinsic aspects of work, challenge or appeal of work and self-fulfillment. Questionnaires were distributed to all major hospitals in Utah. Frequency distributions were obtained and Chisquare tests were performed to determine if significant differences existed in relationship to demographic variables. Respondents indicated that work was interesting, challenging, required thinking, and enabled them to make good use of past training, skills, and abilities. Findings showed they also responded positively to statements involving ample responsibility given for the position held, contribution to patient care, enjoyment of work, and feeling of self-importance. Negative attitudes were noted toward statements dealing with advancement in medical technology, adequate opportunities for continuing education at employer expense, and participation in decision making. The Chi-square test revealed workers in the hospitals surveyed differed significantly in their opinions about having adequate opportunities to attend workshops, etc., on employer time and expense, and also that personnel with varying educational levels felt significantly different about making suggestions concerning the laboratory.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effects of exogenous hormones and glucose on plasma levels and hepatic metabolism of amino acids in the fetus and in the newborn rat.

The present study examines the role of insulin, glucagon and cortisol in the regulation of gluconeogenesis from lactate and amino acids in fetal and newborn rats. Injection of glucagon in the full-term fetal rat caused a rise in glucose (and insulin) and a fall in blood levels of most individual amino acids, stimulated hepatic accumulation of 14C-amino isobutyric acid and 14C-cycloleucine and increased the conversion of 14C lactate, alanine and serine to glucose in vivo and in vitro (liver slices). Such changes were equivalent to the changes seen in 4 h old newborn rats. When glucagon was administered at birth, little difference was observed between control and treated animals in plasma amino acids and a smaller increment in conversion of 14C substrate to glucose occurred. By contrast, insulin injection at birth caused hypoglycemia, suppression of levels of certain amino acids and inhibition of conversion of 14C substrates into glucose. Glucose injection at birth caused elevated glycemia and plasma insulin and suppression of most amino acid levels and of conversion of 14C substrate into glucose. Cortisol injection at birth caused a marked, generalized by hyperaminoacidemia, a stimulation of glucagon secretion and of conversion of 14C substrates into glucose. These observations support the thesis that glucagon plays a major role in the induction of hepatic gluconeogenesis and that insulin acts as an antagonist hormone.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Plasma amino acid levels and development of hepatic gluconeogenesis in the newborn rat.

The metabolism of endogenous and exogenous amino acids has been characterized during a 16-h fast after birth in the rat. Eighteen of 22 amino acids showed a decrease in plasma concentration up to 16 h, the most profound and sustained changes affecting those quantitatively important in gluconeogenesis. The hepatic accumulation of injected [14C]aminoisobutyric acid showed a progressive rise after birth. The in vivo conversion of 14C-labeled lactate, alanine, serine, and glutamine to [14C]glucose increased for 6 h, but all except glutamine showed a decline by 16 h. The in vitro conversion of several gluconeogenic substrates (10mM), however, increased with time in each instance. These data confirm that the capacity for hepatic gluconeogenesis and maintenance of blood glucose concentration appears immediately after birth. Nevertheless, profound hypoglycemia recurs at 16 h and responds only minimally and transiently to exogenous gluconeogenic substrate loads. In contrast, the fed newborn maintains normoglycemia, higher endogenous amino acid levels, and the capacity for substrate conversion at this time. The mechanism for stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenic pathways thus is present in both fasted and fed neonatal rats. However, owing to insufficient energy sources to sustain gluconeogenesis and to inadequate gluconeogenic substrate, the rat is unable to maintain normoglycemia if fasted 16 h.

Acetoacetates↗