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Biomedical subjects

J Martius

Publications and source records attributed to J Martius.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Relationships of vaginal Lactobacillus species, cervical Chlamydia trachomatis, and bacterial vaginosis to preterm birth.

The frequency of genital infection was compared among women in premature labor who delivered preterm (before 37 weeks), women in preterm labor who delivered at term, and control women who delivered at term. Both groups of women in premature labor were younger and had more previous preterm births than did control women. Women in premature labor who delivered preterm were more likely to experience rupture of membranes, intrapartum fever, and postpartum fever than were control women. The presence of bacterial vaginosis (odds ratio 2.3) and Chlamydia trachomatis (odds ratio 3.9) was positively associated, and Lactobacillus sp (odds ratio 0.2) was negatively associated, with birth before 37 weeks, using multivariable analysis to control for confounding variables.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1987

Transmission rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, B-streptococci, Candida spp. and Chlamydia trachomatis from the mother to the newborn.

In a preliminary study of the transmission rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma species, Gardnerella vaginalis, B-Streptococci, Candida species and Chlamydia trachomatis from the mother to the newborn, swabs were taken from 45 parturients and their neonates and cultured by suitable methods. Out of 30 parturients with a positive culture, 8 harboured more than one microorganism investigated. U. urealyticum was found in 11 newborn and all of them had a positive mother. Candida spp. were found in 4 newborn, but 3 of these had a negative mother. G. vaginalis was detected in only 1 infant and the mother was negative. C. trachomatis was not isolated from any mother but was present in 2 newborn infants. Thus only U. urealyticum showed clear evidence of transmission from mother to baby.

Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal↗
PubMed1984

[Intraperitoneal adhesion formation and tissue reaction following the use of microsurgical suture material].

In 60 female rats we investigated intraperitoneal adhesion and tissue reaction of Vicryl, PDS, Ethilon und Prolene depending on the thickness of the thread (6-0 versus 9-0) and the length of the ends of the threads cut off in the region of the knot. The results did not show any significant difference in respect of degree of adhesion and tissue reaction, for the four suturing materials tested in this study. It was also not possible to detect any definite influence of the thread strength (6-0 versus 9-0) on the adhesion and tissue reaction. Only in the case of Ethilon the intraperitoneal adhesion was significantly lower if the thread strength was 9-0, compared against 6-0 (p less than 0.02). With all the other types of thread, adhesion was found to be independent of the strength of the thread. However, the length of the ends of the thread in the region of the knot exercises a great influence on the degree of adhesion. If the ends of the threads have a length of 0.3 cm, adhesion is statistically significantly greater than if the ends have been cut short (p less than 0.001). Results from these animal experiments indicate that the choice of microsurgical suturing material does not depend on the type of thread, as far as intraperitoneal adhesion and inflammatory tissue reaction are concerned, whereas the thread strength (6-0 or 9-0) has a slight influence only. For preventing adhesion, it is important to cut off the ends of the threads as short as possible after knotting, i.e. as short as safety of the knot would permit.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Chlamydia trachomatis in the urogenital tract of pregnant women].

In two hundred and thirty three prenatal patients from the Prenatal Clinic of the University of Würzburg cervical, vaginal and urethral swabs were taken for microscopic examination and culture for Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae), Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis), Beta-hemolytic streptococci, Candida species, Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum), Mycoplasma species and facultatively pathogenic and apathogenic aerobic bacteria. In ten cases (4%) C. trachomatis was found. In six cases hemolytic streptococci group B were detected. Fifty two cases showed a Candida species. Seventy nine cases presented U. urealyticum. One case showed a Mycoplasma species and one case showed Trichomonas vaginalis. Striking was the significantly increased rate of premature rupture of the membranes in the group with U. urealyticum compared to the group without U. urealyticum.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Toxic shock syndrome following cesarean section].

The typical onset, development and therapy of the Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin (TSST-1)-induced Toxic Shock Syndrome is reported in a case of a 32 years old I. Para/I. Gravida following caesarean section. The outcome of this rare but often lethal disease depends on early diagnosis and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ascending infection in pregnancy as a cause of premature labor].

Prematurity still remains one of the major problems in perinatology causing high rates of perinatal mortality and morbidity. A growing body of evidence suggests that ascending infections during pregnancy can cause premature labor in some cases. The future has to show, if early diagnosis and treatment of genital infections in pregnancy will reduce the prematurity rate.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of infusion acidosis on the condition of the fetus--animal experiment studies].

In order to assess the effect of acid infusion on fetal cardiovascular functions, oxygenation, glucose and electrolyte concentrations, 8 experiments were performed on chronically instrumented ewes. A severe metabolic acidosis (pH less than 7.10, BDECF = 13.5 mmol/l) was induced by intravenous infusion of L(+) lactate into the fetus. There was no significant alteration of baseline fetal heart rate and oscillation amplitude. The blood pressure exhibited a slight increase, probably due to the administration of volume (87-204 ml in 90-210 min). PO2 remained constant while SO2 showed a decrease in the order of 10%, due to the change in oxygen affinity of the fetal blood produced by the Bohr effect. Levels of glucose increased significantly, whereas electrolyte concentrations remained unchanged. After the end of infusion, pH-values returned to the normal range within 110 min. Lactate and BDECF decreased with a half life time of 95 and 48 min, respectively (mean SO2 = 28%). We conclude that a severe metabolic acidosis in the extracellular space does not affect the normal fetal heart rate pattern (baseline, oscillation amplitude) and has no acute deleterious effects on the fetus. Hence, when the actual fetal pH during labor is found to be low, a maternogenic infusion acidosis should be excluded by a simultaneous feto-maternal blood gas analysis.

Acidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of the beta-blocker metoprolol on the cardiovascular system and plasma catecholamines of the fetus in normoxia and acute hypoxia--animal experiment studies].

Metoprolol, a beta 1 blocking agent, is being used with increasing frequency during pregnancy for treatment of disorders such as hypertension or beta-mimetic induced tachycardia. Since it is well documented that beta-blocking agents are able to cross the placenta, the question arises whether these drugs have any adverse effect on the fetal metabolic or cardiovascular system. It was the aim of this animal experimental study to investigate the following questions: 1. Does metoprolol exert a negative influence on fetal metabolic and cardiovascular functions during normoxia? 2. Is the fetal reaction to an acute short period of hypoxemia altered by metoprolol? To answer these questions, experiments were carried out in 6 pregnant sheep at 110-130 days of gestation. In 8 experiments metoprolol was infused into a fetal vein in increasing dosage (0,04-0,32 mg/min). In a second series of experiments (n = 8), an acute hypoxemia was induced by complete reduction of uterine blood flow for 1 minute, and the results obtained with or without metoprolol were compared. Metoprolol does not exert a negative influence on fetal oxygenation, acid-base balance, lactate concentration and blood pressure, although the metoprolol concentration measured in fetal plasma was relatively high (two - to threefold above therapeutic metoprolol levels). Thus, definitive adverse effects on the fetus induced by metoprolol are not recognizable. The fetal sympathoadrenal reaction to an acute hypoxemia, as measured by the concentration of the free catecholamines epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine in the fetal plasma, is also unchanged by metoprolol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic reliability and incidence of genital mycoses in pregnant women].

Smears were taken from the anterior and posterior vaginal fornices of 232 women who attended prenatal consultations at Würzburg University Gynecological Clinic. The cultures were compared using Sabouraud's Glucose Agar (S.G.A.) and two commercially available rapid testing media--Nickerson Medium (N.M.) and Microstix Candida (M.C.T.) for saccharomycetes. The presence of saccharomycetes was demonstrated by means of S.G.A. in 23% (52) of the women and with N.M. in 10% (23). If only N.M. had been used, colonization by saccharomycetes would have been overlooked in 32 cases. With regard to the reliability of identification of saccharomycetes in the group, there was no significant difference between N.M. and M.C.T. In women without Candidiasis, negative findings with N.M. and M.C.T. were in agreement in 96% of the cases. Reliable identification of saccharomycetes in genital and gastro-intestinal areas is of special importance in prenatal examinations in view of the risk of infection of the newborn. The investigation reported in the present paper indicates that such reliability can only be achieved with the more costly culture method using Sabouraud's Glucose Agar.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma species, Streptococci of the Lancefield group B and Candida species in newborn infants during the first week of life].

In a total of 200 children born at Würzburg University Gynecological Clinic, culture and in some cases microscopic investigations were performed in the first week of life to identify chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma species, Lancefield group B streptococci and candida species. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated in one symptom-free neonate, while ureaplasma urealyticum was found in 31 (15%) of the infants. Statistically, premature rupture was significantly more frequent (29%) in the ureaplasma-urealyticum-positive group than among the ureaplasma-urealyticum-negative infants (11%) (p less than 0.05). Mycoplasma species was detected in one newborn, Lancefield group B in 3 (1.5%). In 7 of the infants (3.5%) Candida species was isolated.

Bacterial Infections↗