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Biomedical subjects

J Marti

Publications and source records attributed to J Marti.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Multimodal therapy for locally advanced breast cancer.

Thirty-one women with stage III breast cancer were prospectively treated with two cycles of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), fluorouracil, and tamoxifen citrate followed by a simple mastectomy with level I axillary dissection. Postoperatively, four additional cycles of the combination chemotherapy alternating with three cycles of 1500 rad (15 Gy) to the chest wall and lymphatics were given. Seventy-seven percent of patients had a greater than 50% reduction in tumor size after the initial chemotherapy. No tumor size progressed during therapy, and a single patient remained inoperable. Pathologic findings revealed nine patients with only microscopic residual tumor. Nuclear vacuolization was present in 42.8% of tumor cells after chemotherapy vs 14.2% of cells before chemotherapy. The mean follow-up for the groups is 24.3 months. To date, nine patients have had recurrence with only one isolated local recurrence. This therapy is effective in reducing primary tumor size and allows a limited mastectomy to be done with minimal morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy.

The extent of workup in patients with cervical adenopathy has always been controversial. Extensive workup in the absence of a histologic diagnosis indicative of a malignant process is unwarranted. Although open biopsy may be necessary for certain benign conditions, its routine application for metastatic nodes is not advised. We have used fine-needle aspiration as a routine procedure in the initial evaluation of cervical adenopathy. Over the past 3 years, 140 needle aspirations have been performed. Adequate specimens were obtained in 97 percent of the patients and the diagnostic accuracy was 96 percent. Overall, 45 percent of the patients had the diagnosis of a malignant tumor established whereas others had benign tumors. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed accurately in all of the patients. Other malignant tumors reported accurately included lymphoma, adenocarcinoma, and metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Among the benign conditions, accurate diagnoses could be established in patients with tuberculosis, chronic lymphadenitis, and hyperplastic lymph nodes. The findings of fine-needle aspiration are helpful in directing subsequent workup. If the findings do not correlate with the clinical suspicion, greater weight is given to the clinical picture and diagnostic workup appropriate for the suspected disease is performed. Proper use of fine-needle aspiration requires close communication between an experienced cytologist and the head and neck surgeon. This series demonstrates that fine-needle aspiration is a safe, accurate, and valuable tool for the evaluation of cervical adenopathy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Enhancement of cell-cell contact by a nonmitogenic lectin increases blastogenic response and IL-2 release by mitogen-stimulated mouse thymocytes.

We have examined the influence of peanut agglutinin (PNA), a lectin which agglutinates but does not stimulate mouse thymocytes, on the responsiveness of these cells to concanavalin A (Con A) or galactose oxidase stimulation. Binding low amounts of PNA on unseparated mouse thymocytes pretreated with neuraminidase highly enhances the mitogenic response and the level of interleukin 2 release in the culture medium upon Con A stimulation. We have shown that PNA present on the cell surface acts as a crosslinking agent which favors intercellular binding between accessory cells (macrophages) and thymocytes, leading through this enhanced cooperation by cell-cell contact to an enhanced blastogenic response.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

Response of colo-rectal hepatic metastases to concomitant radiotherapy and intravenous infusion 5 fluorouracil.

Twenty-three patients with colo-rectal hepatic metastases were retrospectively reviewed after completing treatment with split course liver irradiation and continually infused concomitant intravenous 5-fluorouracil. Although no patient attained a complete response, an objective partial response was documented in 15 (Responders). The Responders had a median survival of 45 weeks whereas Non-responders had a median survival of 17 weeks. Patients with metastatic disease solely in the liver or those with a Karnofsky performance score (k.p.s) of over sixty, had a median survival of 49 weeks. Patients with multiple organ metastatic involvement had a median survival of 25 weeks and those with a Karnofsky with less than 60 had a median survival of 27 weeks. (p values of 0.006 and 0.03, respectively.) The overall survival of the group completing treatment was 30 weeks, and 19 patients (83%) achieved subjective palliation. The patients tolerated therapy well. There was minimal hematological toxicity; 3 patients developed a leucocyte count of less than 2000 and 1 developed a platelet count of 30,000. The palliation and prolongation of survival attained with minimal complications suggest that adjuvant liver irradiation with concomitant infusion 5-fluorouracil radiosensitization may be an option to offer patients identified to be at high risk of developing subclinical liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Immunological evidence for the in vivo occurrence of (2'-5')adenylyladenosine oligonucleotides in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

A monoclonal antibody highly specific for (2'-5')adenylyladenosine oligonucleotides was used together with a 125I-labeled analog of this compound to detect and quantify phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated (2'-5')adenylyladenosine oligonucleotides in a variety of tissues and cells. These oligonucleotides were first assayed as a whole in perchloric acid extracts and then further individually characterized by HPLC analysis. Their sensitivity to alkaline phosphatase, snake venom phosphodiesterase, and T2 RNase was systematically checked. Nonphosphorylated (2'-5')adenylyladenosine oligonucleotides were found in mammalian tissues as well as in yeast and bacteria. In normal mouse brain, lung, heart, pancreas, spleen, kidney, and liver their concentrations ranged from 10 to 200 pmol/g wet weight, depending on tissue and strain. The oligonucleotides were mainly dimers, trimers, tetramers, and pentamers. In addition, phosphorylated (2'-5')adenylyladenosine oligonucleotides were shown in liver and kidney extracts.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1983

Bicompartmental analysis of cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Theory and clinical applications.

A new model for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation is proposed. Specific activity/time curves for CSF kinetics determined after intraventricular injection of a radiotracer were produced by fitting a biexponential function to data points and developing a two-compartmental model. Calculation of kinetic parameters of the model provides quantitative data about CSF dynamics. The study of each compartment separately and of the intercompartmental relationship is possible with this model. Sequential scan images and graphic plots of the variations of radioactivity in both compartments, derived from this model, add supplementary information in the evaluation of patients. Ventriculography was performed in 80 patients, who fell into four groups: those with normal CSF circulation, hydrocephalus, infantile hydrocephalus, and functioning ventricular shunts. Normal and hydrocephalic patients showed significant differences between the two groups in the means of some numerical parameters calculated from the new model. An increase of intraventricular radioactivity at 24 hours (p less than 10(-4)) and of the volume of Compartment 1 (p less than 0.01) with decreased volume of Compartment 2 (p less than 10(-4)) and total flow outside the system (p less than 10(-3)) were found in patients with hydrocephalus. The limiting values for normal patients were also estimated. Communicating and obstructive hydrocephalus could be differentiated by this method; however, no differences in mean values were found relating to the etiology or clinical course of the hydrocephalus. Normal-pressure hydrocephalus and cerebral atrophy produced significantly different mean values for the volume of Compartment 2 (p less than 0.01), flow out of the system (p less than 0.01), and intercompartmental flow (p less than 0.01).

Cerebral Ventriculography↗
PubMed1982

Monoclonal antibodies to 5'-triphospho-(2'-5')adenyladenosine oligonucleotides.

Thirteen monoclonal antibodies to ppp(A2'p5')nA oligonucleotides have been produced by fusing Y3 myeloma cells with spleen cells of rat hyperimmunized with A2'p5'A succinyl albumin as immunogen. 125I-labeled A2'p5'A succinyl tyrosine methyl ester was used as a labeled probe. Antibodies were detected by their ability to bind the labeled analog and were selected for their affinity for A2'p5'A. There were no significant differences between the properties of the monoclonal antibodies and of the antiserum. They discriminated between 2'-5' and 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds: they crossreacted poorly with (A3'p5')2A (crossreactivity ratio, greater than 10(4)) and even less with ATP an adenosine (crossreactivity ratio, greater than (6)). The affinity was high (Kd = 6 x 10(-12) M) for succinyl A2'p5'A, which is the best ligand, and also high for A2'p5'A (crossreactivity ratio, 3) and (A2'p5')2A, (A2'p5')3A, and (As'p5')4A (crossreactivity ratio, 7.5). The binding to triphosphorylated isomers, ppp(A2'p5)nA, was affected by the presence of the triphosphate groups, and the affinity increased as the length of the isomer increased (crossreactivity ratio, 10,000 for n = 1 to 200 for n = 4). Thermodynamic analysis of these data demonstrated that, in dephosphorylated isomers, the binding site of highest affinity was located at the 5'-OH end of the molecule whereas in phosphorylated isomers, the favorable binding sites were in the middle and at the 2'-OH end of the chain. Use of monoclonal antibodies of such a specificity together with the 125I-labeled 2-5A analog allows quantification of (A2'p5')nA directly and of ppp(A2'p5')nA after removal of the terminal phosphates by alkaline phosphatase treatment.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1982

2'5'-Oligoadenylate polymerase activity in the rat small intestine.

2'5'-Oligoadenylates are potent protein synthesis inhibitors: they are synthesized by a polymerase which was first described in interferon-treated cells. This system may also be involved in a normal process of cell proliferation and differentiation, in the absence of any viral infection. The small intestine enterocyte has been investigated as a model to test this hypothesis. The presence of 2'5'-oligoadenylate polymerase activity is demonstrated in the intestinal mucosa of normal adult rats. The distribution of this enzyme, and of the enzymes degrading 2'5' oligoadenylates have been investigated on enterocyte pools selectively extracted, under mild conditions, from the different parts of the rat small intestine. Similar results were obtained with enterocytes extracted from the mucosa of germ-free animals.

2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗
PubMed1981

Effects of interferon on sensitive and resistant L1210 cell lines.

L1210 cells resistant to the antiviral and anticellular effects of interferon are not inducible for the 2,5A synthetase and for the protein kinase activities. Cloning of one resistant L1210 strain has revealed heterogeneity of the cell population with respect to their antiviral and anticellular response as well as protein kinase and 2,5A synthetase inducibility. The defect in the response of truly interferon-resistant L1210 cells appears to reside at an early step of interferon action.

2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗
PubMed1980

Immunological studies on ovine fetuin: radioimmunoassay and comparison with related antigens.

A radioimmunoassay for fetuin is described. It uses [125I]fetuin and rabbit antisera. The bound antigens are precipitated by anti-rabbit globulins coupled to Sepharose. This assay has been used to compare the immunological properties of ovine and bovine fetuin. It allows to detect a serum antigen cross-reacting with fetuin in pig species. A very faint reaction is observed with human fetal serum, that does not support the existence of a fetuin like antigen in human.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Bovine alpha-fetoprotein. Isolation and characterization.

Bovine AFP was purified by ion exchange chromatograph on C.M. cellulose and DEAE Sephadex A-50, gel filtration and immunosorbent technique. AFP was homogeneous when studied by gel electrophoresis under non denaturing and denaturing conditions, by ultracentrifugation and by immunological methods. The following molecular data were obtained: 1. Sedimentation equilibrium indicated a molecular weight of 66,500 and sedimentation velocity gave s degrees 20, w = 4.71 S. A partial specific volume v = 0.737 ml g-1 was derived from density measurements. 2. From these data, a Stokes radius of 3.26 nm, a diffusion coefficient D20 w = 6.61 10(-7) cm2 sec-1 and a frictional ratio f/fo = 1.21 were calculated. 2. Sodium dodecylsulphate disc electrophoresis suggests a molecular weight of 67,000. 3. Gel filtration pointed to a molecular weight of 75,000. 4. Microheterogeneity of AFP was demonstrated by isoelectric focusing. The isoelectric point of the major component is 4.6. 5. The chemical composition was determined. AFP is a glycoprotein containing 7 per cent carbohydrate including 1.67 per cent hexoses, 2.38 per cent N-acetyl glucosamine and 1.8 per cent N-acetyl neuraminic acid.

Amino Acids↗