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Biomedical subjects

J Marsac

Publications and source records attributed to J Marsac.

106 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacokinetic interactions of macrolides and theophylline].

Interaction between macrolides and theophylline has given rise to numerous studies which are reviewed in this paper. The results of these studies are often conflicting. When such interactions occur, the question is whether they have clinical significance.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Best mode of expression of acute reversibility of airway obstruction in patients with asthma: application to a new beta-2 agonist, RU 42 173.

Lung function tests must distinguish a true drug-induced bronchial response from changes not related to the drug itself, mainly due to intra-individual variability. We compared the variability and ability to detect true drug-induced bronchodilation of 3 modes of expression of the increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (delta FEV1) following administration of a 0.25 mg single oral dose of RU 42 173, a new beta 2-agonist. The study was performed in 12 patients with reversible obstructive asthma in a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled, randomized manner. The variability of each index was assessed by calculating the coefficient of variation (SD/mean). True drug-induced bronchodilation was assessed by calculating the F value of each index corresponding to the ratio of between-treatment to within-group differences. Three modes of expression of delta FEV1 were compared: delta FEV1 (L) = the absolute increase in FEV1, delta FEV1 (% baseline) and delta FEV1 (% predicted) where delta FEV1 (L) is divided by baseline FEV1 or predicted FEV1, respectively. A statistically significant increase in FEV1 was found up to respectively 3, 2 and 4 hours after dosing when using delta FEV1 (L), delta FEV1 (% baseline) and delta FEV1 (% predicted). The highest F value was obtained for delta FEV1 (% predicted). The coefficient of variation was lower with delta FEV1 (% predicted) than delta FEV1 (L) and delta FEV1 (% baseline). In conclusion, RU 42 173 showed a bronchodilating effect which appears to be clinically relevant. delta FEV1 (% predicted) was to be the least variable and most powerful index and should be preferred to delta FEV1 (L) and even more to delta FEV1 (% baseline) to assess the acute airway response to a bronchodilator drug.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exercise- and allergen-induced asthma do not change the production of Paf-acether by neutrophils and platelets.

Paf-acether, whose role has been suggested in asthma, is a mediator released by stimulated neutrophils, platelets and other cells. Neutrophils and platelets are activated in vivo during exercise or allergen-induced asthma. Upon in vitro stimulation, macrophages from mice treated with an inflammatory stimulus, such as thioglycoccollate, release less paf-acether than macrophages from non-treated mice. We hypothesized that upon in vitro activation platelets and neutrophils should produce less paf-acether after exercise- or allergen-induced asthma. To test this hypothesis, we measured the production of paf-acether by neutrophils and platelets obtained before, 15 and 75 min after exercise in seven normal subjects and five asthmatic subjects with exercise-induced asthma, and in five other asthmatic subjects after specific challenge with Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus. Purified neutrophils and washed platelets were incubated independently for 10 min at 37 degrees C with no specific activator, with a platelet activator (thrombin, 1 IU.ml-1), a neutrophil activator (opsonized zymosan, 1 mg.ml-1), and both together. We found no significant difference between asthmatic and normal subjects in the amount of paf-acether synthesized by platelets or neutrophils and no fall in the production of paf-acether after exercise- or allergen-induced asthma. However, our method may lack sensitivity in detecting partial activation of these cells and is based on the assumption that changes in peripheral blood cells are representative of changes of these cells in lungs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiological aspects of diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis (author's transl)].

The authors report on 5 cases of diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis. This disease occurs in women during the period of genital activity and usually presents with pulmonary signs (9/10) : dyspnoea, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and hemoptysis. It is also found in association with renal angiomyolipomas and uterine fibromyolipomas. X-ray films of the lungs show : an interstitial syndrome, gas or fluid pleural effusions, and thoracic distention. None of these signs is constant, but the association of an interstitial syndrome with thoracic distention in a young woman appears to be specific for this affection.

Adolescent↗