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Biomedical subjects

J Marsac

Publications and source records attributed to J Marsac.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Broncho-alveolar lavage in sarcoidosis. Correlation between alveolar lymphocytosis and clinical data.

Bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were performed in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and in normal subjects. In both smoking and nonsmoking sarcoid patients, the proportion and number of lymphocytes were significantly increased compared to corresponding controls (p less than 0.001 in each cases). BAL lymphocytes were identified as T lymphocytes (88 +/- 9% formed E rosettes). Neither the radiological stage, nor the duration of disease are related to the lymphocyte number. However, alveolar lymphocytosis is significantly correlated with clinical pattern (p less than 0.02) and with clinical extrathoracic dissemination (p less than 0.001). Black patients have significantly more disseminated disease than Whites (p less than 0.001). The lymphocytosis of the bronchoalveolar space is associated with the presence of granulomas in bronchial biopsies (p less than 0.005). For clinical purposes, the results of BAL were helpful in determining the evolutivity of the disease, particularly progression to stage III. Together with a high lymphocyte count, a significant increase of all the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) was found in stage III (4.0 +/- 4.6 X 10(4) PMNL/ml, p less than 0.001) compared to earlier stages (respectively 0.6 +/- 0.5 X 10(4), 0.7 +/- 0.9 X 10(4) and 0.7 +/- 0.9 X 10(4) PMNL/ml for stages I, IIA and IIB). BAL may also be used to follow up sarcoid patients. Repeated BAL were performed in 23 patients. No modification in alveolar lymphocytosis is found in patients with steady state disease, but, in healed patients the lymphocyte number returns to normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Chylothorax and the pathology of the lymphatic pleura].

The diagnosis of chylous effusions of the pleura hardly poses any problems if one carefully differentiates the true chylothorax rich in triglycerides from chylous effusions rich in cholesterol and poor in triglycerides. The pathology of chylothorax requires a double breach of both thoracic duct and pleura. The causes are dominated by complications of thoracic surgery direct trauma, closed chest injuries and malignant mediastinal tumours. Other rarer causes raise the difficult problem of the spontaneous chylothorax. Even the idea of an idiopathic chylothorax is controversial and makes one suspect the rupture of a previously fragile thoracic duct, following apparently minimal trauma. Treatment is not yet standardised but requires strict rest, and a medium chain triglyceride diet, correction of fluid and electrolyte balance and careful nutrition. Surgery, generally delayed for a few weeks, may lead to the repair of a lymphatic leak, localised by a biological tracer or a contrast material; sometimes only a ligature at the base of the thoracic duct will dry up the effusion. The prognosis still remains mediocre and is dominated by the cause, notably when this is a tumour and also by the localised or diffuse character of the lymphatic disturbance.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Correlation between precancerous bronchial metaplasia and cigarette consumption, and preliminary results of retinoid treatment.

Vitamin A and its derivatives, so-called retinoids, can prevent squamous metaplasia induced not only by vitamin A deficiency but also by carcinogenic hydrocarbons. An aromatic retinoid, such as ET1, has been shown to prevent chemically induced papillomas in mice and to amplify certain immunologic reactions. Heavy smokers, 106 volunteers, were submitted to fibrobronchoscopy with bronchial biopsies. An index of metaplasia (IM) was calculated on the basis of microscopical examination of a total of 9,633 sections of 1,010 biopsies. Despite the subjectivity of the estimates of cigarette consumption, this was significantly (P less than 0.02) and positively correlated to the IM. Eighty-five percent of the women had a low IM as compared to only 42% of the men (P less than 0.01), although there was no significant difference in the reported cigarette consumption. Fifty-two subjects had an IM greater than 15% and were given 25 mg ET1 orally daily for 6 months. The bronchoscopy was repeated in 30 patients following completion of the 6-month treatment. The IM was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Simultaneous detection of deuterium oxide and indocyanine green in flowing blood.

A spectrophotometer designed to measure simultaneously traces of deuterium oxide (12 mg.1-) and indocyanine green (0.12 mg.1-1) in flowing blood is described. Its symmetrical four-beam design enabled direct readings in optical density units to be obtained in the infrared region without interference due to atmospheric CO2 and water. This system was validated by the measures of pulmonary extravascular water in the rat in heart-lung preparations and in whole animals. An example of its application showed that, with this system, it was possible to evaluate correctly an alloxan edema in the rat a short time (105 min) after its induction. In these experiments lung water calculated by indicator curves represented 80% of the lung water content (r = 085, n = 10).

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Pleuro-pulmonary disease and rigid spine syndrome (author's transl)].

A case of rigid spine syndrome associated with a pleuropulmonary disease is reported. This case is the ninth known rigid spine syndrome but it is the first associated with a diffuse pleural and pulmonary involvement. Clinical examination showed limitation of flexion of the spine since early infancy and limitation of extension of the elbows. Fibrosis probably involved both the lung and the pleura, although microscopic examination showed limitation of flexion of the spine since early infancy and limitation of extension of the elbows. Fibrosis probably involved both the lung and the pleura, although microscopic examination are not available. Severity of respiratory failure is explained by involvement of lungs, pleura and chest wall. Future is explained by involvement of lungs, pleura and chest wall. Future studies of similar case are needed to answer the questions whether or not this association is casual and if lung and muscular involvement are linked.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate in the treatment of acute respiratory infections with mucostasis].

Thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate (TGA), a molecular combination of an antibiotic and a mucolytic, is particularly indicated in the treatment of acute bronchopulmonary infections characterized by mucostasis. Our report is a synthesis of 9 clinical studies on TGA made in France between 1972 and 1976. These studies involved a total of 587 patients (475 adults and 112 children) with bacterial bronchopulmonary infections. Most of the patients were hospitalized, and none were affected by abnormal renal function or hematologic disorders. All received TGA per os or i.m. for an average of 7 days. The effects of TGA were evaluated clinically, radiologically, biologically and bacteriologically. The results of TGA treatment were assessed: - Favourable in 337 patients (58%), TGA mucolytic and antibiotic activity rapidly producing complete cures; - Useful in 160 patients (27%), TGA mucolytic and antibiotic activity producing slow cures; - Nil in 90 patients (15%), TGA producing no evidence of mucolytic and antibiotic activity. During treatment, various minor side effects were observed. In the case of two patients, treatment was not tolerated and therefore suspended. At the end of treatment, hypereosinophilia was observed in 5 patients and thrombocytopenia, anemia or inverted W.B.C. differential counts were observed in 22 patients, due to the presence of thiamphenicol glycinate in the molecule. These effects proved spontaneously reversible.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1978

[The effect of surgical incisions on ventilatory function].

Normal surveillance was extended to include respiratory function tests (Vital capacity, FEV1, Maximum Breathing Capacity) on 40 post-operative patients. The reduction relative to pre-operative values on the 1st day after operation was of the order of 60 p. 100 for high abdominal incisions, 35 p. 100 for low abdominal incisions and 15 p. 100 for non abdominal incisions. A return to preoperative values was obtained on the 15th, the 6th and the 4th post-operative days respectively. These changes are found to be well correlated to the limitation of diaphragmatic movement in high incisions. As a result, there is a hypoventilation of the lower lobes of the lungs and a shunt effect which lead to hypoxaemia. The reduction in respiratory function in those subjects without an abdominal incision demonstrated that other factors, particularly the influence of a general anaesthesia, need to be taken into account. Numerous clinical observations show that a reduction in respiratory volumes and capacities do not spare the young subjects and may be dramatic in certain cases. These indicate that a daily assessment of respiratory function at the bedside may provide a simple means for early recognition of intercurrent complications.

Abdomen↗