Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Markowitz

Publications and source records attributed to J Markowitz.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Placebo-controlled study of mianserin in depressed outpatients.

Ninety-two outpatients with depressive disorders which met Research Diagnostic Criteria were treated either with mianserin or placebo in a 6-week controlled trial. Twenty-four of 42 (57%) mianserin-treated patients were rated responders to mianserin treatment while 15 of 50 (30%) were rated responders to placebo treatment (chi 2 = 6.89, p less than 0.01). This rate of drug response was comparable to that achieved with a tricyclic antidepressant in a similar study done in our clinic, supporting the use of mianserin in mildly depressed outpatients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Incidence of aplastic anemia in metropolitan Baltimore: a population-based study.

Incidence rates for aplastic anemia (AA) so far have been unavailable for defined populations in the United States. A study was carried out in the Baltimore Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) to examine the incidence rates for aplastic anemia from 1970 through 1978. Cases of AA (N = 118) were identified through medical records (N = 77) in SMSA hospitals and death certificates (N = 41). All medical charts were reviewed by an oncologist-hematologist for validation purposes. Among whites, average annual age-adjusted incidence rates per million were higher in males (7.1) than in females (5.4), whereas in nonwhites, females had a higher rate (7.3) than males (4.7). None of the sex differences was statistically significant. Age-specific incidence rates were consistently low in young ages, with an exponential increase after age 40. Examination of time trends did not suggest changes in whites, although in blacks, mainly in males, there was a suggestion of a temporal increase. However, rates in blacks were based on small numbers, and trends were not statistically significant. An inconsistent sex differential, as well as the relative stability of rates over time at least in whites, suggests that although sexes may have different types of exposures, occupational exposures and changes in environmental factors over time cannot entirely explain the occurrence of AA in the population. In addition, the age pattern suggests that future studies should examine etiologic agents separately for the younger and the older subjects with AA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

l-Deprenyl in atypical depressives.

We investigated the antidepressant efficacy of l-deprenyl (selegiline), a selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor (MAOI), in a six-week open trial of 17 patients with atypical depression. Such patients have previously been shown to benefit from nonselective MAOIs such as phenelzine sulfate. Ten patients (59%) responded to l-deprenyl, but nine required dosages above the 10 to 20 mg/day used in previous investigations. l-Deprenyl was superior to six weeks of placebo administered to diagnostically similar patients in a separate double-blind study. In contrast with previous findings with pheneizine, responders to l-deprenyl differed from nonresponders by having lower baseline anxiety ratings. Even at high dosages, there appeared to be fewer side effects with l-deprenyl than with nonselective MAOIs.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Mianserin versus amitriptyline for depression: a double-blind 6-week trial.

34 patients who met the research diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder as defined by Spitzer et al. [Archs gen. Psychiat. 35: 773-782, 1978] completed a double-blind 6-week trial of mianserin versus amitriptyline following 1 week of single-blind placebo washout. After 2 weeks of dose build-up, patients took 150 mg/day of mianserin or 300 mg/day of amitriptyline throughout the next 4 weeks. At week 6, 63% of mianserin patients and 73% of amitriptyline patients were rated as responders; this difference is not statistically significant. No clinically meaningful differences between drugs were observed with respect to number or severity of side effects as reported by either patient or physician. Overall, mianserin was found to be equivalent to amitriptyline in terms of efficacy, patient tolerance and ease of administration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Defining the boundaries of atypical depression.

Psychopharacologist have had a longstanding interest in identifying a depressive subtype which selectively benefits from monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). A superior rate of improvement with MAOI treatment might help delineate a depressive subgroup with pathophysiology different from other depressive syndromes. Research is described which indicates that patients with reactivity of mood, as well as two of four associated features (hypersomnia, overeating, lethargy, and rejection sensitivity), may have a preferential response to phenelzine as compared with imipramine or placebo. Preliminary data are presented to suggest that patients with reactive mood and only one associated feature may have a preferential response rate to phenelzine compared to imipramine and placebo. Data on patients with reactive mood but no associated features are insufficient at this point to draw any conclusions.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1984

Perianal disease in children and adolescents with Crohn's disease.

The clinical and pathological features of perianal disease in children and adolescents with Crohn's disease have been delineated. Of the 149 patients (mean age 12.1 yr, range 0.75-21 yr, 68% male), 73 (49%) had perianal disease including 51 with fissures and tags, 10 with fistulas, and 12 with abscesses. Ileocolitis was seen in 68% of all patients and in 75% of patients with perianal disease (p greater than 0.10). Rectal inflammation was present in 94% of patients with fistulas or abscesses, or both, versus 63% of all patients without perianal disease (p less than 0.025). Anorectal granulomata were found in 47% of fistula/abscess patients versus 9% of non-perianal disease patients (p less than 0.05). A variety of medical regimens failed to consistently affect these lesions favorably. Four of 10 patients with fistulas healed after 1-5 yr of intermittent discharge. Nine of 12 patients with abscesses required surgical drainage, and 50% subsequently developed chronic fistulas. Granulomata were equally distributed between those patients who healed and those who developed chronic fistulas. Although an important cause of morbidity in childhood Crohn's disease, perianal disease is not progressively destructive in the majority of patients.

Abscess↗
PubMed1980

99m technetium diphosphonate bone scanning of the mandibular bone graft.

A case of mandibular bone graft with metallic mesh implant following a segmental resection for ameloblastoma was evaluated by means of 99m technetium disphosphonate bone scanning of the mandible. The bone scan showed good evidence of bone graft regeneration when conventional radiography could not read any bone tissue regeneration within the metallic mesh. The scan was extremely helpful in eliminating the need for surgical intervention and exploration.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arteriohepatic dysplasia. I. Pitfalls in diagnosis and management.

Differentiating intrahepatic cholestasis from extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction may be difficult. Four patients with intraoperative cholangiographic evidence of extrahepatic ductal atresia who underwent hepatoportoenterostomy are described. All were ultimately shown to have arteriohepatic dysplasia with hypoplastic but patent extrahepatic ductal systems. The difficulty in establishing an accurate diagnosis, hazards associated with hepatoportoenterostomy, and suggestions for evaluation and management are discussed.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arteriohepatic dysplasia. II. Hepatobiliary morphology.

Five children were noted to have arteriohepatic dysplasia (Alagille's syndrome) between 3 and 7 months of age. Prior to diagnosis, four underwent Kasai procedures after intraoperative cholangiograms failed to demonstrate patency of the extrahepatic bile ducts. In three patients, a focal proximal hypoplasia of the common hepatic duct was demonstrated with fibrosis and increased vascularity. Hypoplasia of the gallbladder occurred in two patients. Changes were observed in the porta hepatis. Eighty of 208 micrometers bile ducts were associated with peripherally located gland-like structures. These changes are indistinguishable from those in fibrous remnants of extrahepatic biliary atresia. Hepatic features of sequential liver biopsies obtained in the five patients were divided into early and late changes. From birth to 3 months of age, the pathology consisted of cholestasis and bile duct destruction. After 3 months of age, there was persistent cholestasis, paucity of interlobular bile ducts, and portal fibrosis. Ductular proliferation was not an intrinsic change. When present, it was related to a recent episode of cholangitis.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nonsyndromatic paucity of interlobular bile ducts: light and electron microscopic evaluation of sequential liver biopsies in early childhood.

Liver biopsies and/or autopsy specimens from 17 children (ages 1 week to 5 years) with nonsyndromatic paucity of the interlobular bile ducts were studied by light and electron microscopy. Initial biopsies were obtained before 90 days of age from all patients, and two or more specimens were available from nine. No specific underlying condition was found in nine infants. The remaining cases were associated with Down's syndrome (n = 2), hypopituitarism (n = 2), cystic fibrosis (n = 1), alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (n = 1), cytomegalovirus (n = 1) and Ivemark syndrome (n = 1). Before 90 days of age, portal changes included duct paucity and fibrosis. Lobular changes were nonspecific, consisting of cholestasis, giant cell transformation, extramedullary hematopoiesis and perisinusoidal fibrosis. Duct paucity, portal fibrosis and perisinusoidal fibrosis persisted after 90 days. Cholestasis was mild or no longer apparent. Portal changes before 90 days of age appear to be sufficiently distinctive to microscopically distinguish nonsyndromatic from syndromatic paucity. Electron microscopic findings suggest that paucity in nonsyndromatic patients may result from a primary ductal insult: ultrastructural studies revealed bile duct destruction characterized by undulation and breaks in the basal lamina and infiltration of the epithelium by lymphocytes. Bile canalicular dilatation with blunting of microvilli and electron-dense material in the lumen, predominantly seen before 90 days, also reinforces the hypothesis of a primary ductal defect.

Age Factors↗