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Biomedical subjects

J Marcus

Publications and source records attributed to J Marcus.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The use of the frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of small cutaneous vascular lesions.

BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: The frequency-doubled Q-switched, neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (FD QSNd:YAG) laser has proven to be safe and effective in treating cutaneous pigmented lesions and tattoos. The observance of purpura following FD QSNd:YAG laser treatment of epidermal pigmented lesions led us to evaluate the use of this laser in the treatment of vascular lesions. The treatment protocol was designed to assess the efficacy of the FD QSNd:YAG laser in the treatment of small cutaneous vascular lesions such as telangiectases and small angiomas. The FD QSNd:YAG laser (532 nm, 3-mm spot size, and 5-10-nanosecond pulse width) at 1-2 J/cm2 and 3-4 J/cm2 was used on two comparable cutaneous vascular lesions on the skin of each subject. Patients were treated once, with follow-up at 1-, 2-, and 6-month intervals, to examine both clinical improvement as well as potential adverse sequelae. RESULTS: Lesions treated with the FD QSNd:YAG laser at both 1-2 J/cm2 and at 3-4 J/cm2 were improved. Statistically greater improvement was achieved when the FD QSNd:YAG laser was used at 3-4 J/cm2. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical improvement of small cutaneous vascular lesions is possible with the FD QSNd:YAG laser.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Lasers in dermatology: a nursing perspective.

The rapid growth in laser technology has led to an increasing number of conditions which are treatable with improved outcomes. Understanding the principles of lasers and the conditions which can potentially be treated allows the nurse to participate in all aspects of a laser practice from patient education to peri-operative care.

Chromatophores↗
PubMed1994

Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma using benzoporphyrin derivative.

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves laser light excitation of a tumor-localizing photosensitizer to destroy neoplasms. Benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) is a new photosensitizer with several favorable characteristics. OBJECTIVE: Studies were designed to: 1) assess the efficacy of BPD-mediated PDT in treating in vivo squamous cell carcinomas (SCC); 2) obtain dosimetry data for BPD and laser parameters; and 3) establish clinical and histologic correlates of BPD-induced tumor regression. METHODS: Human SCC was implanted into nude mice. One group received BPD followed by laser light of 150 J/cm2 from an argon-pumped dye laser at 690 nm. Three control groups included laser energy alone, BPD alone, and no treatment. RESULTS: At day 21 posttreatment only PDT-treated tumors showed a statistically significant decrease in tumor volume and complete cure rate. Clinical resolution (scar) correlated perfectly with histologic resolution (scar). CONCLUSION: Human SCC in a nude mouse model responds to BPD-mediated PDT.

Anaplasia↗
PubMed1993

Children at risk for schizophrenia: the Jerusalem Infant Development Study. II. Neurobehavioral deficits at school age.

The development of school-age children born to parents with serious mental disorders was assessed on a variety of perceptual-cognitive and motoric tasks. These same children have been followed up from birth as part of the Jerusalem Infant Development Study. Children with schizophrenic parents, when compared with children with healthy parents or parents having other psychiatric disorders, were more likely to show neurobehavioral dysfunctioning in perceptual-cognitive and motoric areas. Forty-four percent of the offspring of schizophrenics (11 of 25 subjects) showed such dysfunctioning. Male subjects were overrepresented in this poorly functioning group. A stable subgroup (40%) of the offspring of schizophrenics (six of 15 subjects) showed dysfunctioning during infancy and school age. None of the offspring of nonschizophrenic parents showed dysfunctioning during both age periods. While most of the poorly functioning children with schizophrenic parents showed perceptual-cognitive and motoric signs, only perceptual-cognitive signs were strongly linked to parental diagnosis and infant dysfunctioning. Motoric signs, but not cognitive signs, were related to pregnancy and birth complications. These findings provide further support to the schizotaxia hypothesis that some neurointegrative deficits may reflect vulnerability to schizophrenia and that these deficits are clearly apparent at school age, long before the onset of illness. However, these signs are not exclusive to schizophrenic illness, although they occur with a greater prevalence in this group. Definitive statements about the validity of early neurobehavioral signs as indicators of genetic vulnerability await further longitudinal follow-up into the age of risk for actual schizophrenic breakdown or when a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder may be made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Neurobehavioral functioning and social behavior of children at risk for schizophrenia.

The neurobehavioral functioning and social behavior of children with mentally ill and mentally healthy parents were examined. The children, 8 to 13 years of age, were assessed with a battery of neurobehavioral tests. The children's teachers rated their interpersonal behavior. Each of the families was rated on quality of childbearing environment. Children of schizophrenic parents performed more poorly on the neurobehavioral tests, in particular those assessing perceptual-cognitive functioning, than children of parents with other psychiatric disorders or with no history of mental illness. There were no group differences in aggressive behavior. Sons of schizophrenic parents were rated as more withdrawn than the other children in the study. The relationship between childrearing environment, neurobehavioral functioning, and social behavior was in the expected direction for the children of mentally healthy parents. An atypical pattern emerged for the offspring of mentally ill parents.

Brain↗
PubMed1992

Infants at risk for schizophrenia: sequelae of a genetic neurointegrative defect. A review and replication analysis of pandysmaturation in the Jerusalem Infant Development Study.

A 1975 report stated that a schizophrenic genotype may be manifested in infants by a neurointegrative defect called pandysmaturation. Recent evidence supports this: (1) 12 studies found delayed development in schizophrenics' infants and in preschizophrenics; (2) "blind" psychometric evaluations favored an adult schizotypal disorder in four to six of seven high-risk subjects with pandysmaturation in the New York study; and (3) finally, in a partial replication of this method using the Jerusalem data, blind diagnoses of "probable" and "possible" pandysmaturation were significantly related to a parental diagnosis of schizophrenia and to cognitive and motor neurointegrative deficits at 10 years. Obstetrical complications were unrelated to diagnosis, pandysmaturation, or outcome in the overall sample. However, we found a small subgroup of schizophrenic offspring in whom the most severe motor deficits at follow-up were related to obstetrical complications, pandysmaturation, and low birth weight.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Disseminated candidiasis, Candida arthritis, and unilateral skin lesions.

Candida species are the most common cause of systemic fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies. These infections are aggressive with rapid dissemination to various organs. Cutaneous lesions occur in 10% to 13% of cases, whereas Candida arthritis occurs infrequently. This report describes the first case of disseminated candidiasis in a patient with both Candida arthritis and unilateral cutaneous lesions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Interpersonal behavior of children at risk for schizophrenia.

Investigations of the childhood antecedents of adult schizophrenia may clarify our understanding of the etiology of the disease, provide guidelines for meaningful classification of subtypes of schizophrenic illness, point to strategies for identifying those individuals in need for early intervention, and suggest appropriate techniques for early intervention. Among the more salient characteristics of schizophrenic illness are disturbances in interpersonal relations, especially withdrawal from normal social interaction.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Tissue expansion in a patient with extensive nevus comedonicus.

Nevus comedonicus is a rare developmental abnormality of the pilosebaceous apparatus that presents as an aggregation of dilated follicular orifices filled with pigmented keratinous material. Occurrence of extensive or giant lesions is even more rare. Indications for treatment include recurrent infections and cosmetic reasons. Therapeutic approaches include topical keratolytic agents, manual extraction of comedones, dermabrasion, and excision of smaller lesions. Increasing clinical experience with tissue expansion has suggested that it might be used effectively in the definitive treatment of an extensive nevus comedonicus previously considered too large to excise without the use of a skin graft, despite the potential risk of infection within the lesion during the course of expansion. We report the first patient with giant nevus comedonicus to be treated using tissue expansion. This patient demonstrates that prompt treatment of cellulitis and abscesses within the lesion will keep this process isolated from the adjacent expanders and will not compromise a planned excision and reconstruction.

Buttocks↗
PubMed1990

Tissue expansion: past, present, and future.

The history of tissue expansion, technique, indications, and complications are reviewed. A detailed review of delayed tissue expansion's histologic, biochemical, biomechanical, and physiologic changes in the skin is given. There is a net gain in epidermal tissue during delayed expansion. Recent experimental and clinical experience suggests that expansion for 1 to 2 weeks is just as effective as longer delayed expansion for 6 to 8 weeks. A new deviation from standard technique, intraoperative tissue expansion, may have significant implications for dermatologic surgery. Intraoperative tissue expansion is explored in relation to other commonly used techniques of intraoperative load cycling.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Prosthetic rehabilitation of elderly bilateral amputees.

A retrospective evaluation of vascular amputees, all over 55 years of age, found that 18 underwent bilateral lower limb amputation. The ages of patients ranged from 55 to 83 years, mean age at the time of second amputation was 65.9 years, 13 men and 5 women. Out of the 18 patients, 12 underwent bilateral below knee amputation (BK-BK), 3 below knee and above knee (BK-AK), and 3 bilateral above knee (AK-AK). Six patients (50%) of the 12 with BK-BK were fitted with prostheses. They therefore became users of two prostheses and have achieved a high functional level of rehabilitation despite a high mean age of 67.8 years. Five of these patients had been successful prosthetic users after the first leg amputation. The sixth patient underwent double BK amputation almost at the same time. He was fitted and rehabilitated with two prostheses simultaneously. Patients with BK-AK and AK-AK amputations had not been fitted with two prostheses. Deciding about prosthetic prescription and type of rehabilitation of elderly bilateral amputees is very difficult. Age alone is not a factor in success or failure of prosthetic rehabilitation. The type of rehabilitation for these patients is related mainly to the level of amputation, associated diseases and successful prosthetic use after the first leg amputation. Careful evaluation by a multidisciplinary team is the key for the right treatment decision and successful rehabilitation of this group of patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Age-of-onset heterogeneity in hereditary breast cancer: minimal clues for diagnosis.

Knowledge of the family history of cancer may significantly influence diagnosis and surgical management. Hereditary breast cancer (HBC) is common and accounts for approximately 9% of the total breast cancer burden. The pattern of HBC's natural history, including age of onset, increased incidence of bilaterality, integral tumor combinations in certain kindreds, and vertical transmission consonant with an autosomal dominantly inherited factor, when observed in context with the family history, enables pattern recognition so that the diagnosis might be facilitated. We describe seven families from our Hereditary Cancer Consultation Center (HCCC) and the Creighton Oncology Clinic which are noteworthy for extraordinarily early age of onset. This appears to be an additional example of heterogeneity in HBC and may represent the first account of this remarkable subset. The manner in which age of onset can be incorporated with other aspects of natural history for expediting diagnosis is discussed.

Age Factors↗