Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Mann

Publications and source records attributed to J Mann.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effect of vegetarianism on development of gall stones in women.

Real time ultrasonography was used to compare the prevalence of gall stones in two groups of women aged 40-69: 632 women recruited from general practice registers and 130 vegetarians. One hundred and fifty-six (25%) of the 632 women who ate meat and 15 (12%) of the 130 vegetarian women either had gall stones visible on ultrasonography or had previously undergone cholecystectomy (p less than 0.01). The prevalence of gall stones was found to increase with age and body mass index. The 2.5 fold increase in risk of developing gall stones in non-vegetarians compared with vegetarians was reduced to 1.9 when controlling for these two potentially confounding factors, but remained significant. A family history of gall stones was reported more often by women with gall stones, but no association was found with parity or use of exogenous oestrogens. Thus the importance of age and obesity to determine the prevalence of gall stone was confirmed, and a dietary factor associated with vegetarianism may prevent this common condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Chromosomal abnormalities in the Kaiser-Permanente Birth Defects Study, with special reference to contraceptive use around the time of conception.

Chromosomal abnormalities were studied in 33,551 abortions and births to women whose contraceptive histories had been recorded at their first antenatal visit in 1975-1977. Chromosome examinations were performed exclusively on clinical grounds. There were 45 de novo abnormalities detected (1.34/1,000); three of them were detected at amniocentesis. Trisomy 21 was observed in 27 cases (0.80/1,000), trisomy 18 in nine (0.27), other trisomies in three (0.09), and translocations or deletions in five (0.15). One case of triploidy and six cases of inherited abnormalities were detected. There were no significant racial variations. No increase in risk for chromosomal abnormalities was found among women who had used oral contraceptives prior to becoming pregnant or among women who experienced oral contraceptive breakthrough pregnancies. Two cases of trisomy 18 were observed among the 814 deliveries following oral contraceptive breakthrough conceptions (2.46/1,000), two cases of trisomy 21 occurred in 338 births following failures of rhythm contraception (5.92/1,000), and no cases of trisomy 21 or 18 among the 1,569 women using spermicides at the time of conception.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1985

Erythrocyte differentiation of naturally occurring isotopic lithium abundances.

Lithium is effective in the treatment of mania. There are two naturally occurring stable lithium isotopes, Li-7 (92.6%) and Li-6 (7.4%). Usually there is little differentiation between isotopes of an element, but chemical and behavioural data suggest dissimilarities exist between lithium isotopes. Results are now reported indicating that a group of manic patients given lithium chloride were able to differentiate Li-6 from Li-7 at the membrane level. Blood samples were drawn, erythrocytes separated from plasma and the isotopic abundances of Li-6 and Li-7 determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The ratio of abundances of Li-6 in the erythrocyte and plasma was 1.274 indicating the erythrocyte membrane had the in vivo capability of isotope fractionation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

HL-60 human leukaemic cell line colonies in agar capillaries: comparison of their reactivity to hormones, cytostatics and selective inhibitors of proliferation.

Colonies of the HL-60 human leukaemic promyelocytic cell line developing in semisolid agar gel capillaries were established. The endogenous inhibitory fraction GI-3, specific for myeloid cells, hydrocortisone and adriamycin decreased colony number in a dose dependent manner. ED50 values amounted to 220, 10(-1) and 4.5 X 10(-3), micrograms/ml respectively. If administered in combination, the endogenous inhibitor, steroid hormone and cytostatic agent exhibited a marked synergism. They affected HL-60 cells additively, and in some cases, a slight potentiation occurred. The experiments demonstrate the possibility of augmenting the inhibitory activity of cytostatics and hormones on leukaemic cells by endogenous inhibitors without an increase in drug toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Investigation of the relationship between clinically detected loss of attachment and radiographic changes in early periodontal disease.

A total of 383 students, ages 12-16, were examined clinically to determine periodontal attachment loss by a trained examiner, utilizing standard techniques. 70 of these were selected, for whom bitewing radiographs were available for assessment of early alveolar bone loss by 2 radiologists and a general dentist, utilizing 4 criteria. The results indicate poor agreement between clinical and radiographic diagnoses by the 3 examiners. Variations were also found in the diagnosis of pathologic sites utilizing radiographs. The data indicate that bitewing dental radiographs were a poor screening or diagnostic procedure for the assessment of early periodontal disease in adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Dental status and dental needs of an elderly population in Israel.

Dental status and dental needs of a geriatric population were evaluated among 304 elderly people living in old age homes and in their own homes in Jerusalem, Israel. A total of 181 people (59.5%) were edentulous in both jaws and an additional 3% were edentulous in one jaw. Almost all dentures (95%) were considered to be unsatisfactory. In all, 1809 h were found to be necessary for treating cavities and prosthetic needs of this population and an additional 214 h for periodontal treatment which did not include surgery. In conclusion the dental status of this population was poor and dental needs were high. Since dental treatment is so expensive it is believed that this population would receive almost no treatment but for the future emphasis should be put into primary and secondary prevention from very young ages so that needs of this population as they get older would dramatically decrease as compared to the need of this study population.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Etoposide and cisplatin salvage chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer.

Thirty patients with previously treated small cell lung cancer received salvage combination chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin. Two complete and six partial responses were observed, for a major response rate of 27%. Responses occurred promptly and sustained palliation was achieved among responders. Myelosuppression was the major dose-limiting toxic effect. A schedule of etoposide (115 mg/m2 iv on Days 1-3) and cisplatin (25 mg/m2 iv on Days 1-3 every 28 days) is recommended for further clinical trials.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetics of muzolimine after acute and chronic dosing in hypertensive patients with mild renal insufficiency.

Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of muzolimine were investigated in 6 hypertensive patients with incipient renal insufficiency. Muzolimine plasma levels were determined after the first dose and after 8 weeks of treatment with muzolimine (20 mg o.d.). The area under the curve of muzolimine plasma levels was greater after 8 weeks than after the first dose. Also, peak plasma concentrations were higher after 8 weeks; however, muzolimine half-lives in the beta-phase were unchanged. Blood pressure and body weight decreased with time. Muzolimine was well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Synthesis and biophysical studies of short oligodeoxynucleotides with novel modifications: a possible approach to the problem of mixed base oligodeoxynucleotide synthesis.

The syntheses of 1,2-dideoxy-D-ribofuranose and 1,2-dideoxy-1-phenyl-beta-D-ribofuranose are described. Oligodeoxynucleotides containing these analogues have been synthesised and hybridized to their complementary strands. Hypochromicity studies have shown that these duplices are less stable than either the totally complementary duplex or those containing A.C and G.T mismatches.

Deoxyribose↗
PubMed1984

Cholestatic hepatitis from erythromycin ethylsuccinate. Report of two cases.

Cholestatic hepatitis developed in two patients while they were receiving erythromycin ethylsuccinate. Both patients had received the drug without apparent problem within two months of the episode of drug-related cholestatic injury. In both, there was complete resolution of the hepatic injury upon withdrawal of the drug. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate should be added to the list of drugs causing cholestatic hepatitis.

Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury↗
PubMed1984

Clinical and cytogenetic diversity in Fanconi's anaemia.

Abnormally high levels of spontaneous and mitomycin C or diepoxybutane induced chromosome breakage were observed in lymphocytes from eight out of nine previously undescribed patients clinically diagnosed as having Fanconi's anaemia. The results suggest that the combination of spontaneous and induced chromosome breakage is a good aid in the differential diagnosis and we suggest that increased chromosome breakage is pathognomonic for this recessive disorder. It is, however, not possible to demonstrate consistently raised levels of induced chromosome breakage in obligate carriers. The patient who had normal levels of chromosome breakage had an atypical haematological picture and may suffer from a disease genetically different from Fanconi's anaemia.

Adolescent↗