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Biomedical subjects

J Mann

Publications and source records attributed to J Mann.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Salt and the action of calcium antagonists.

Calcium antagonists are unique in that they combine vasodilating and natriuretic properties. Although the acute natriuretic response, and details on intrarenal mechanisms of action, have been documented in the past, recent evidence shows intrarenal actions even in the chronic steady state of antihypertensive medication. Chance observations led to recent systematic studies that clearly document (a) that the antihypertensive action of calcium antagonists is not antagonized by high sodium diet and (b) that there is negative interaction between diuretics and calcium antagonists with respect to their antihypertensive actions. Potential mechanisms for the salt/diuretic-calcium antagonist interactions include (i) intrinsic natriuretic property of calcium antagonists, (ii) interaction of volume control and hormonal calcium control systems, and (iii) modulation of--at least dihydropyridine--binding sites by dietary sodium.

Calcium Channel Blockers↗
PubMed1988

Dietary factors in the aetiology of gall stones: a case control study.

Dietary intake was studied in 121 women with gall stones (identified in a prevalence survey using ultrasonography) and a similar number of age-matched controls in order to investigate nutritional factors in the aetiology of the condition. Despite the appreciably lower frequency of gall stones in vegetarians as compared with non-vegetarian women (11.5% and 24.6% respectively) nutrient intake did not differ between cases and controls. This may indicate the existence of a threshold effect where virtually all non-vegetarian women in affluent societies have a diet high in saturated fat, animal protein, and simple sugar to the extent that it is not possible to distinguish between cases and controls. In women with newly discovered gall stones, the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms was no different from that in the controls. Thus cholecystectomies carried out to relieve relatively low grade symptoms may not do so.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Focus on AIDS.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Therapy with red blood cells decreases hyperoxic pulmonary injury.

Results of attempts to ameliorate hyperoxic pulmonary injury using novel systems for delivery of antioxidant enzymes are reviewed. Intratracheal insufflation of either liposome encapsulated superoxide dismutase or encapsulated catalase increased levels of enzyme activities in rat lung homogenates and prevented lethal effects of an atmosphere of oxygen. Intact erythrocytes placed in the tracheobronchial tree of rats also dramatically improved survival in hyperoxia. Recyclable glutathione appeared to be the constituent of erythrocytes, which was responsible for the protection. In rabbits, erythrocytes also protected from oxidant-mediated ischemic-reoxygenation lung injury. These studies suggest a possible role for erythrocytes as biologic packets of antioxidant enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Serodiagnosis of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared to cellular immunologic parameters in African AIDS patients and controls.

The sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), absolute numbers of T-helper cells, and T-helper: T-suppressor cell ratios were compared in asymptomatic controls and IgG Western blot-confirmed patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Kinshasa, Zaire, between August 1984 and May 1985. Two hundred sixteen (97.7%) of 221 IgG Western blot-positive AIDS patients and 4 of 97 (4%) controls were ELISA-positive, 3 of whom were Western blot-positive. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA was 97.7% and 99.0%, respectively, compared to Western blot results. Detection of the human immune deficiency virus using absolute number of T-helper cells (less than 400 cells/mm3) was as sensitive (98.2%), but less specific (90.7%). A T-helper: T-suppressor ratio of less than 0.9, had a sensitivity of 97.3%, and specificity of 94.8%. The ELISA test had the highest predictive value and greatest utility in an African clinical setting for detecting HIV infected patients where a wide range of other immunocompromising diseases are seen.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1988

The global AIDS strategy.

"A global problem--a global response. AIDS has become a great and powerful symbol for a world threatened by its divisions, East and West, North and South. In a deep and remarkable way, the child with AIDS is the world's child; the man or the woman dying of AIDS has become the world's image of our own mortality; AIDS is also uncertainty and the unknown. Yet we face responsibility for this day and these lives. Against AIDS, we have set our common course the global AIDS strategy".

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Focus on AIDS.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗