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Biomedical subjects

J Mann

Publications and source records attributed to J Mann.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

FPL 62064, a topically active 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase inhibitor.

FLP 62064 [N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-amine] is a dual inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase and 5-lipoxygenase. The compound had anti-inflammatory activity in vivo in a number of models. It inhibited peritoneal inflammation induced by immune-complex when given locally. When applied to the skin, FPL 62064 inhibited UV irradiation-induced erythema and PGE2 formation in the guinea pig and also oedema formation and eicosanoid production in the mouse ear produced by arachidonic acid. Co-injected with arachidonic acid in rabbit skin, FPL 62064 inhibited oedema and eicosanoid formation.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1990

Altered water metabolism in tuberculosis: role of vasopressin.

PURPOSE: Patients with hyponatremia due to tuberculosis have shown variable responses to water loading in previous small studies, ranging from persistent antidiuresis to a normal diuresis. Although tuberculosis is considered a cause of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), circulating vasopressin has been documented in only a few cases. We studied a larger group of patients to determine whether it can be suppressed by a short-term reduction in osmolality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight hyponatremic patients (mean age +/- SD: 40 +/- 10 years) with pulmonary or miliary tuberculosis underwent a clinical evaluation, measurement of blood and urine chemistry values, and (in 22) a water load of 20 mL/kg. Volume status was evaluated by urine sodium concentration, blood and urine urea nitrogen, and plasma renin activity. Endocrine, renal, and other recognized causes of SIADH were excluded. RESULTS: All 22 patients exhibited a decline in urine osmolality and an increase in free water clearance after water loading. Water excretion was fully normal in seven of 22, with the remainder showing variable impairment of diluting ability and/or volume excreted. Plasma vasopressin, measured in 11 of 22 patients as well as in six others not subjected to water loading, was detectable despite hypo-osmolality in 16 of 17. Vasopressin levels declined after water loading, from 1.85 +/- 1.32 to 0.77 +/- 0.25 pg/mL (p less than 0.05). The majority of patients had the euthyroid sick syndrome but normal adrenal responses to cosyntropin. Although several patients had mild volume depletion when studied, this factor did not appear to explain the defect in water excretion. Hyponatremia resolved predictably within days to weeks of antituberculous therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Circulating vasopressin remains detectable in hyponatremic patients with tuberculosis and is responsive to changes in osmolality. A downsetting of osmoregulation induced by active tuberculosis ("reset osmostat") could explain this abnormality, but we cannot exclude an unidentified non-osmotic stimulus that can be counteracted by water loading.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Psychosocial predictors of survival in end-stage renal disease.

Several psychosocial variables were investigated as predictors of 4-year survival in a sample of 97 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing treatment by hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, or renal transplantation. Hypothesized psychosocial predictors included depression, mood disturbance, life happiness, affect, pessimism, self-esteem, knowledge of renal disease and its treatment, perceived control over important life domains, perceived intrusiveness of ESRD into important life domains, illness-related concerns, difficulties in daily activities, number of regular leisure activities, somatic symptoms of distress, social networks, recent negative life events, and defensive response styles. Methodological controls were incorporated to test the prognostic significance of these variables and included a) exclusion of deaths attributable to "unnatural" causes; b) multivariate statistical controls for physical and demographic determinants of survival; c) widely used standardized psychosocial instruments; and d) temporally aggregated psychosocial measurements to enhance reliability. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses identified four variables as significant and independent predictors of increased survival times in ESRD: a) comparatively fewer serious nonrenal comorbid illnesses; b) younger age; c) regular involvement in an increased number of leisure activities; and d) overall life happiness described as "an even mixture of unhappiness and happiness" (as compared with "very happy"). However, no evidence was obtained to support the hypothesis that increased depressive symptoms and/or moods contribute to compromised survival in ESRD.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Preferential biliary elimination of FPL 63547, a novel inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, in the rat.

1. The route of elimination of FPL 63547, a novel inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), has been investigated in the anaesthetized rat. Comparisons have been made with other ACE inhibitors. 2. Bile and urine samples were collected over a 5 hour period following a single i.v. dose of ACE inhibitor (2 mumol kg-1). Samples were bioassayed for ACE inhibitory activity using affinity-purified rabbit lung ACE and the amounts of the active form of inhibitor present in each sample were calculated by comparison with a standard curve. 3. FPL 63547 was rapidly and extensively excreted as the diacid in the bile but appeared in the urine in negligible amounts. The bile:urine ratio was 21.4:1 indicating a marked preference for the biliary route. A similar elimination profile was observed when the compound was dosed in its active form (FPL 63547 diacid), 87.9% of which was found in the bile over the 5 h collection period, with a bile: urine ratio of 14.6:1. 4. The marked preference of FPL 63547 for biliary elimination was not shared by the other ACE inhibitors tested in this study. Lisinopril demonstrated the opposite pattern, being excreted almost exclusively by the kidney (bile:urine ratio 0.06:1). Enalapril was eliminated in approximately equal amounts in bile and urine (ratio 0.7:1) while spirapril diacid showed a slight preference for the bile (ratio 2.6:1). 5. The physical chemical properties of FPL 63547 diacid may be responsible for its unusual preference for biliary elimination. In particular, the amphipathic character and strong acid functionality of the compound are thought to favour transport into the bile. 6. Elimination by the biliary route will be preferred in patients whose renal function is impaired as a result of disease or age. In such patients the elimination of renally-excreted ACE inhibitors is known to be compromised, resulting in compound accumulation and the need for closer monitoring. Therefore, the elimination profile of FPL 63547, if confirmed in man, may prove to be clinically advantageous.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1990

Fluorosis and dental caries in 6-8-year-old children in a 5 ppm fluoride area.

Fluorosis levels and caries prevalence were evaluated in 152 children aged 6-8 yr residing from birth in an area with 5 ppm fluoride in the drinking water. Sixty-two of the subjects had mild fluorosis in both primary and permanent dentition, 31 were defined as moderate, and 4 cases had no signs of fluorosis; 14 cases had a more severe fluorosis level in the primary dentition as compared to 41 cases in which fluorosis was more severe in the permanent dentition. More primary dentitions were free of fluorosis in females than in males (P less than 0.05). No differences between males and females were found in the permanent dentition fluorosis. The decay rate in the permanent dentition gradually increased with increasing fluorosis severity, a finding not observed in the primary dentition. Reasons are discussed for the lower fluorosis level in the primary dentition and the more severe fluorosis in older age groups as well as the fluorosis severity difference by gender.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Dental behavioral aspects of a non-institutionalized elderly population.

Various studies have shown an increase in utilization of dental services among the elderly in the last three decades. This study aimed at evaluating utilization rate of non-institutionalized geriatric population in Jerusalem and determining reasons for non-utilization. To eliminate the factor of accessibility of services, a Jerusalem neighborhood with a dental geriatric clinic was selected and all residents were notified. A second letter requesting cooperation with a dentist who would be visiting their homes was sent, and was followed by a phone call. According to a list provided by the municipality, 175 homes were visited; only 87 were examined, 21.7% refused; 4.6% were disqualified for health problems, 13.7% died and 10.3% moved. Testing included: a clinical dental examination, an interview regarding number of visits at a dental clinic and reasons for non-utilization of services. Results indicated that 42.4% had visited a dentist during the last year and 37.6% had not seen a dentist for more than 5 years. Of those who had not seen a dentist for more than a year, 62.7% indicated having no problems, 9.8% indicated a financial barrier, 7.8% indicated no services available, 5.9% were too busy and only 3.9% indicated fear as the reason for non-utilization. Though the sample was relatively small, accessibility and availability of dental services have proven to be factors which increase utilization.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Predicting utilization of dental services by the aged.

This article reports the results of a study of factors that differentiate among utilizers and nonutilizers of dental services in old age. Two hundred community-dwelling subjects aged 60-89 were surveyed regarding utilization of dental services, dentate status, current treatment needs, recent symptom experiences, and dental fear and anxiety. Discriminant analysis was used to differentiate among utilizers and nonutilizers. Dentate status, perceived need, and recent symptom experiences were the best predictors of utilization. The contribution to accurate classification made by two measures of dental fear and anxiety was marginal at best. When dentate status was removed as a predictor, the role of fear and anxiety became somewhat more important.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Effect of weight loss on coagulation factors VII and X.

Coagulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. Therefore, reversing a tendency to thrombosis may be an avenue for its prevention. Because of an association between obesity and high levels of several coagulation factors, the effect of weight loss on coagulation factors VII and X was investigated among subjects taking part in a 3-month weight loss study. At baseline, both coagulation factors were correlated with age, Quetelet's index, total cholesterol and triglycerides. During the diet period, the subjects lost an average of 3.5 kg at 1 month and 4.2 kg at 3 months, whereas lipoproteins changed in only minor ways. In the group as a whole, factor VII and X both decreased at 1 month but returned to or exceeded the baseline levels despite continued weight loss at 3 months. Although changes in weight, serum total cholesterol and triglycerides were correlated with the changes in the factors during the first month, during months 2 and 3 these correlations remained substantial only for triglycerides. Multiple regression analysis indicated that changes in weight, cholesterol and triglycerides could not explain the decreasing and increasing pattern in factors VII and X. These data suggest that weight itself does not explain the association between obesity and factors VII and X, and that weight loss does not effectively decrease the levels of these factors.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1989

Fertilization and development of mouse eggs injected under the zona pellucida with single spermatozoa treated to induce the acrosome reaction.

Mouse spermatozoa were capacitated and acrosome reacted by incubation for 30 min to 6 h in modified Tyrode's medium (T6) and in cGMP. The fertilization rates of eggs microinjected with a spermatozoon from samples incubated for 30 min, 2 h, and 6 h in T6 and in cGMP were 36%, 34%, 29%, and 43%, respectively. These rates were not correlated to the percentage of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa identified after these treatments. The lack of association could be explained by the selection of an increased proportion of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa actually used for microinjection, particularly in samples incubated for 30 min and 2 h in T6. Both acrosome-intact and acrosome-reacted spermatozoa were identified under the zona in the eggs which failed to fertilize. Fertilized eggs developed at very high rates to the blastocyst stage in vitro.

Acrosome↗