Multiple tyrosine hydroxylase transcripts and immunoreactive forms in the rat: differential expression in the anterior pituitary and adrenal gland.
Several regulatory neurofactors, classically associated with the hypothalamus, may be synthesized in the anterior pituitary (AP). Dopamine (DA) is the main prolactin-inhibiting factor. Its de novo synthesis in the normal AP has not been proved, although the TH transcript has been previously demonstrated by RT/PCR in the AP. We investigated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression at both the protein and mRNA levels in the AP of normal random cycling female rats and in a catecholaminergic tissue, the adrenal gland (AG). The Western blot analysis of AP homogenates revealed two immunoreactive forms of TH in the AP, both differing from the TH present in the AG. RT/PCR products from AP and AG mRNA were subcloned and sequenced. In addition to the full-length form, we identified two TH transcripts generated by alternative splicing either involving the use of a new alternate splice-donor site within exon 2 or skipping exon 11. The form lacking exon 11 was not isolated from the AG. In the AP, all three forms were present. Although the AP contained the full-length TH mRNA, the expected size protein was not detected. Thus, there is alternative splicing of the TH primary transcript, and putative additional post-translational regulation may yield TH proteins with no enzymatic activity, at least in non-catecholaminergic tissues.