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Biomedical subjects

J Mackay

Publications and source records attributed to J Mackay.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Glomerulotubular function in long-term renal allograft recipients. A comparison of conventional therapy with cyclosporine.

Glomerular and tubular function were assessed, using a lithium clearance technique, in two groups of renal allograft recipients at least one year after transplantation. Group 1 comprised 14 patients receiving low-dose prednisolone and cyclosporine, and group 2, 14 patients receiving low-dose prednisolone and azathioprine. There were no significant differences in creatinine clearances between the two groups, although the clearances of lithium (which is absorbed almost exclusively from the proximal tubule) and sodium were significantly lower in the cyclosporine-treated group. Fractional lithium excretion was also significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2, but there was no significant difference in fractional sodium excretion. The absolute proximal reabsorption of sodium and water did not differ between the groups, although the fractional proximal reabsorption of sodium and water was significantly higher in group 1. In contrast, the distal reabsorption of sodium and of water was significantly lower in the cyclosporine-treated patients than in the azathioprine-treated patients; there were, however, no significant differences in the distal fractional reabsorptions of sodium and water between the two groups. In addition there was no correlation in group 1 between whole-blood cyclosporine levels or time since transplantation and any of the assessed parameters of renal function. These results indicate that tubular concentrating abnormalities in cyclosporine-treated renal allograft recipients are similar to those observed in rodent models of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. They suggest that the pathogenesis of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity may be similar in renal allograft recipients to that in experimental models.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Allele loss on short arm of chromosome 17 in breast cancers.

Tumour and blood leucocyte DNA from a consecutive series of patients with primary breast cancer was probed to detect deletions at six polymorphic loci in tumour tissue. The highest frequency of allele loss (61%) was found with the probe YNZ22, which detects a sequence on the short arm of chromosome 17 (at p13.3). The previously reported loss of alleles at the Harvey ras locus (11p14) in about 20% of breast tumours was confirmed. The putative breast tumour suppressor gene on 17p may be the same as that already noted for colon and lung cancers and it is suggested that deletion of this gene is one of a cumulative series of lesions involving genetic changes in the evolution of breast cancer. The findings identify chromosome 17p as a candidate region for linkage studies in breast cancer families.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

Partial deletion of chromosome 11p in breast cancer correlates with size of primary tumour and oestrogen receptor level.

In a study of DNAs from 100 breast cancer patients and 100 controls, there were no differences in the frequencies of common or rare alleles at the Harvey ras (c-Ha-ras) locus on chromosome 11. However, one Ha-ras allele was deleted from the tumour DNA in 14 of 65 informative patients. Loss of a Ha-ras allele correlates with paucity of oestrogen receptor protein and with increased tumour size at presentation, but is not associated with microscopic evidence of lymph node invasion. The findings on Ha-ras and other informative loci are consistent with the possibility that a tumour suppressor gene involved in the early stages of breast cancer is located on the short arm of chromosome 11.

Alleles↗
PubMed1978

Cilia and sperm tail abnormalities in Polynesian bronchiectatics.

Sperm tails and bronchial cilia from Polynesians with bronchiectasis were examined in the electron microscope. The outer doublet tubules of the axonemal skeleton in these organelles either lacked dynein arms or had only partial arms. Various other cilial abnormalities were common. The sperm were immotile and pulmonary mucociliary clearance was reduced or absent.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1976

Carcinoma of the rectum at St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne.

Public patients admitted to a public hospital with carcinoma of the rectum were older and had more advanced lesions than those generally reported. Elderly patients were often unfit for any definitive treatment. Only half of all patients had curative resections and half of these lives five years; survival was related to stage. Palliative resection proved safe and worth while. Late diagnosis of rectal cancer among the aged and the poor demands improvement in our standards of community health care.

Adenocarcinoma↗