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Biomedical subjects

J Mössner

Publications and source records attributed to J Mössner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Nutrition, probiotics, antibiotics, antioxidative therapy, endoscopy in chronic pancreatitis].

Treatment of chronic pancreatitis is dependent on the stage of the disease and consists of several arms: treatment of pain when ever possible according to its pathogenesis; treatment of complications primarily by interventional endoscopy, in cases of failure by surgery; therapy of exocrine insufficiency with porcine pancreatic extracts; treatment of endocrine insufficiency with insulin. Pseudocysts can be drained according to their location by either the transgastric, transduodenal, transpapillary or transcutaneous route. Distal prepapillary stenoses of the main pancreatic duct can be handled by placement of a plastic stent; similarily to treatment of biliary strictures. Stones leading to obstruction of the main pancreatic duct can be disintegrated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and the fragments removed by endoscopy after papillotomy. Transgastral endoscopic drainage of retroperitoneal necroses is still experimental. Prospective randomized multicenter trials comparing surgery with interventional endoscopy are still lacking. Failure of endoscopic therapy or suspicion of tumor is clearly an indication for surgery. There is no need for a specific diet in patients with chronic pancreatitis without having diabetes. In severe attacks, clinically similar to acute pancreatitis, enteral nutrition via a jejunal tube is replacing parenteral nutrition. However, prospective comparative trials are still mandatory. Prophylactic application of antibiotics in patients with pancreatic necrosis is again under debate. Whether probiotics are capable to decrease the risk of secondary pancreatic infection of necrosis has not been thoroughly studied. The hypothesis that capture of oxygen free radicals by drugs such as selenium may prevent frequency and severity of acute relapses has also not been proven.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2006

p53 downregulates expression of the G1/S cell cycle phosphatase Cdc25A.

Overexpression of Cdc25A phosphatase is often observed in cancer and results in poor prognosis. Cdc25A mainly dephosphorylates and thereby activates Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and thus induces progression in the cell cycle from G(1) to S phase. Here, we demonstrate that the tumor suppressor p53 downregulates expression from the Cdc25A gene. In a p53-inducible cell system, Cdc25A expression on the mRNA and protein level is downregulated upon p53 expression. Promoter-reporter assays show that this regulation is dependent on the Cdc25A promoter. Mutant p53 fails to reduce Cdc25A transcription. In contrast to p53, neither p63 nor p73 can repress Cdc25A transcription. The Cdc25A promoter displays no p53 binding site, and p53 does not bind directly to the promoter DNA as shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Previously, the contribution of p53 to G(1)/S arrest has been mostly linked to activating the expression of the Cdk inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1). By downregulating Cdc25A expression, p53 may impair transition from G(1) to S phase independently of p21(WAF1/CIP1). Therefore, the data suggest that, as long as p53 is intact, Cdc25A transcriptional downregulation might play a role in cancer prevention.

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation↗
PubMed2006

Comparative evaluation of a new bedside faecal occult blood test in a prospective multicentre study.

BACKGROUND: Faecal occult blood testing is an established method of colorectal neoplasia screening. Guaiac-based tests are limited by poor patient compliance, low sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. Newer immunochemical-based tests, accurate but tedious, require a well-established laboratory set up. There is need for simpler immunochemical tests that can be performed at the out-patient clinic. AIM: To compare the performance characteristics of a new bedside immunological test strip device with a sensitive Guaiac-based and established immunochemical test for detection of faecal occult blood in patients undergoing colonoscopy. METHODS: A total of 389 consecutive patients from four centres who were referred for colonoscopy also provided the stool samples for detection of occult blood without dietary restrictions. Stool tests performed were (i) Guaiac-based, (ii) immunochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and (iii) bedside immunochemical strip test. RESULTS: At the optimal threshold level, the sensitivity and specificity of the beside immunochemical strip test for detection of significant colorectal neoplasia (adenomas >1.0 cm and carcinomas) were 60% and 95%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This bedside immunochemical strip test proved to be a simple, convenient, non-cumbersome and accurate tool with similar performance characteristics for detection of any bleeding lesion including colorectal neoplasia when compared with an established immunochemical faecal occult blood test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Indigenous helminthiasis].

Worldwide an estimated 1.5-2 billion people are infested with helminths. Over the last decades, in industrialized countries prevalence rates of human helminthic infections were decreased by means of wastewater and food control. In this article, we review the geographic distributions as well as the impact on the public health system of the most prevalent helminthiases. Special emphasis is given to Echinococcus, Enterobiasis, and Toxocariasis. Intestinal larvae or eggs of helminths can be detected in faeces. Pinworms are collected with a strip of cellophane tape with the sticky side towards the anus. Tissue helminthosis, like Toxocariasis or Trichinosis are associated with eosinophilia and can be diagnosed with sensitive immunological methods or by biopsy. Infection with Echinococcus multilocularis is the most serious parasitic disease in central Europe. Although current therapeutic options are limited, 5 year survival rates were markedly improved by the combination of medical and surgical treatment.

Demography↗
PubMed2006

[Tropical and subtropical helminthoses].

Human helminthic infestations are extraordinarily common in tropical regions and represent a significant burden for those countries and their populations. The risk of intestinal helminthoses is further increased by poverty. Particularly in children helminthoses lead to malnutrition (ascariasis etc) or iron and protein deficiency (ancylostomiasis). Tropical helminthoses like schistosomiasis and filariasis can cause severe organ damage, starvation, and early death. In contrast, returning travellers very rarely acquire tropical helminthoses, if they follow simple hygienic rules. Furthermore, the worm burden in returning travelers hardly ever is high enough to cause severe illness. Therefore, tropical helminthosis is more common in immigrants from endemic areas compared to returning travelers.

Demography↗
PubMed2006

[A 32-year-old patient with diarrhoea and acute kidney failure].

A 32-year-old male patient presented in the emergency department of our hospital with acute vomiting and diarrhoea. He reported occasional non-severe diarrhoea over several years in the past. Furthermore, at the time of presentation the patient had had anuria for several days. A prerenal and postrenal origin of the renal failure was excluded. A renal biopsy was performed and histopathological examination displayed findings consistent with a haemolytic-uraemic syndrome but no signs of glomerulonephritis. MRI examination of the small bowel revealed inflammatory alterations typical for Crohn's disease, even without histological verification. We describe haemolytic-waemic syndrome as manifestation of Crohn's disease for the first time.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2006

Low prevalence of chronic hepatitis C, but high prevalence of elevated aminotransferases in a cohort of 2026 patients referred for orthopaedic surgery in the eastern part of Germany.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of chronic hepatitis C in Germany is about 0.2 - 0.4 %. However, there seems to be regional differences between western and eastern states of the country. Thus, the present study analysed the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C in a cohort of orthopaedic patients in Thuringia. METHODS: Tests for antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) were performed on serum samples of 2026 patients (1183 females, 843 males) admitted for orthopaedic surgery to a university hospital in Thuringia. If anti-HCV was positive, serum was tested for HCV-RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For the sake of anonymity only age and gender were reported in all patients. In 1465 cases, values of alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferases were additionally available. The low HCV prevalence was confirmed in a second cohort of orthopaedic patients (n = 929, 599 females, 330 males) investigated at a university hospital in Saxonia. RESULTS: In the Thuringian cohort, anti-HCV was detectable in 12/2026 (0.6 %) individuals (10 females (0.85 %) and 2 males (0.24 %: p = 0.14 %). HCV-RNA was positive in 3/10 of anti-HCV positive females (0.15 % of the study cohort). HCV infection was already known in two cases. Anti-HCV positive patients seemed to be older than anti-HCV negative individuals (64.25 vs. 59.48 years; p = 0.17), as well as HCV-RNA positive cases compared to non-viraemic patients (66.3 vs. 63.6 years; p = 0.32). All HCV-RNA positive females had elevated ALT values. However, ALT and AST were also elevated in 18.2 % and 11.7 % of anti-HCV negative individuals. There was no significant difference between males and females (p = 0.32). In the Saxonian cohort none of 929 individuals were HCV positive. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of chronic hepatitis C is low in the investigated cohorts of orthopaedic patients in Thuringia and Saxonia. However, elevation of aminotransferases occurs surprisingly often. The reasons for elevated aminotransferases and a reliable analysis of the HCV prevalence in different subgroups of the Eastern German population require further evaluation.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed2006

Coexistence of autoimmune pancreatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis in a Caucasian patient - a rare cause of cholestasis.

In contrast to Asia, autoimmune pancreatitis is rare in the Western population. The present case report describes the coexistence of primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune pancreatitis accompanied by sclerosing cholangitis of the intrahepatic bile ducts and the hilar region. It is important to differentiate sclerosing cholangitis due to autoimmune pancreatitis from primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis, because the former responds to steroids, while the latter do not. The article highlights important diagnostic difficulties and suggests racial differences between Caucasian and Asian patients.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed2005

[Acute pancreatitis: diagnosis and conservative therapy].

Despite our increasing knowledge in pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis therapeutic strategies based on this knowledge, such as inhibition of proteases, are non convincing. It is most likely that these strategies are initiated to late after the onset of pancreatitis. It is of utmost importance to clarify the severity of the disease for planning interdisciplinary approaches: therapy of pain, enteral nutrition via a jejunal tube, treatment of extrapancreatic complications, such as respiratory insufficiency, coagulopathy, renal insufficiency. A key role plays the exact balance of potential high fluid losses. Prophylactic application of antibiotics such as imipenem, in necrotizing pancreatitis to prevent infection is widely used. Infected necroses are an indication for surgery. In biliary pancreatitis one has to remove impacted bile duct stones via ERCP and papillotomy followed by elective cholecystectomy.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical implications of genetic risk factors of chronic pancreatitis].

The identification of a specific mutation in the human cationic trypsinogen gene in large kindreds with hereditary pancreatitis was the key to understand the genetic background of chronic pancreatitis. Rapidly, other variants within the same gene were identified-even in small families with a minority of patients. Later, mutations of the most important intrapancreatic trypsin inhibitor SPINK1 were found with high prevalence in patients with idiopathic, tropical and alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. We summarize interesting genetic and biochemical findings, point to clinical features and review recommendations for genetic analysis, follow-up and cancer prevention.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed2005

[Reflux esophagitis].

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the industrialized countries. Approximately 15-25% of adults suffer from reflux symptoms, characterized mainly by heartburn and/or regurgitation. Currently, antisecretory medication with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) or antireflux surgery are the established options for GERD-treatment. PPI are the therapeutic gold standard in acute, long-term or on-demand therapy of GERD. Since PPI do not restore the antireflux barrier but merely suppress acid secretion a life-long tablet adherence is required in most cases. In view of limitations of PPI and the potential risks of laparoscopic surgery, several endoscopic antireflux techniques were developed and may evolve as a valuable third option. However, so far objective long-term data are lacking for choosing the appropriate patient who will benefit most from endoluminal antireflux therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Wilson disease].

Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of human copper metabolism that leads to neurological symptoms and hepatic damage of variable degree. The affected gene ATP7B encodes a hepatic copper transport protein, which plays a key role in human copper metabolism. Clinical symptoms are complex with neurologic symptoms such as tremor, dysarthria, psychiatric disorders etc., predominant hepatic disease or mixed forms. Copper deposition in the liver results in acute liver failure, chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis. Early recognition by means of clinical, biochemical or genetic examination and early initiation of therapy with chelators or zinc-salts are essential for outcome and prognosis. Liver transplantation is an alternative in cases with acute and chronic liver failure and cures the hepatic disease. Frequent monitoring of drug therapy, adverse effects, and compliance is critical for the prognosis of the disease.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed2005

[Acute abdomen].

Acute abdomen is not a disease entity on its own but describes a critical state of the patient which can be caused by numerous diseases. The surgeon and internist have to apply an interdisciplinary approach to enable a rapid decision on whether immediate laparotomy is mandatory. Few appropriate diagnostic procedures support decision making. In many cases there is an indication for immediate surgery, such as perforated gastric or duodenal ulcer, acute appendicitis, diverticulitis, ruptured aortic aneurysm, mechanic ileus, infarction of the mesenteric artery. This review is mainly focused on diseases which may present as acute abdomen but for which surgery is usually not indicated, such as acute pancreatitis. Furthermore, one also has to consider rare diseases in which laparotomy would clearly be a mistake, such as acute intermittent porphyria or intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2005

Malignant oesophago-pleuro-pericardial fistula in a patient with oesophageal carcinoma.

Pericardial and cardiac fistulae secondary to oesophageal or gastric tumours are a rare complication. We report about a 50-year-old male patient with a 10-month history of distal oesophageal carcinoma with lung and liver metastases who was referred to our hospital after 6 cycles of palliative chemotherapy at the beginning of March 2004. The patient presented with dysphagia, dyspnea, tachycardia, and hypotension. Purulent pericardial and bilateral pleural effusion was diagnosed, and the patient was treated with antibiotics, repeated pleurocentesis and pericardial drainage with daily polihexanide lavage. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, Peritrast swallow and computed tomographic scans of chest revealed a malignant oesophago-pleuro-pericardial fistula. A total of three coated, expandable metal stents were inserted into the oesophagus, which sealed successfully the fistula. Unfortunately, the patient succumbed to his carcinoma three months later.

Esophageal Fistula↗