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Biomedical subjects

J M Whitworth

Publications and source records attributed to J M Whitworth.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

An investigation of the relative efficacy of Buckley's Formocresol and calcium hydroxide in primary molar vital pulp therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes following two different, single visit vital pulp therapy techniques, in cariously exposed primary molar teeth. SETTING: A paediatric dental clinic within the Dental Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. SUBJECTS: Fifty two child patients were sequentially enrolled in the clinical investigation, 26 males and 26 females with an age range of 3.3-12.5 years. Primary molar teeth requiring vital pulp therapy were randomly allocated to either the formocresol group (F) or the calcium hydroxide group (C). The total number of teeth treated was 84. DESIGN: Recruitment was on the basis of strict inclusion criteria. Coronal pulp amputation was prescribed only in teeth with vital, cariously exposed pulp tissue. Treatment was undertaken between October 1994 and December 1996. All cases were reviewed using predefined clinical and radiological criteria. The statistical tests used were logistic regression of a triple nested data structure, chi-squared analysis of equality of treatment and probability of success with relation to subject age. RESULTS: Eighty-four cariously exposed primary molars required vital pulp therapy. Forty six (55%) teeth were included in the F group and 38 (45%) allocated to the C group. Five teeth were lost to follow-up, leaving 79 teeth: forty four (56%) in group F and 35 (44%) in group C. Eighty four percent (37/44) of teeth treated with formocresol and 77 percent (27/35) treated with calcium hydroxide were classed as clinically and radiographically successful at the cut-off date, December 1997, after a mean clinical review of 22.5 months (range 6.1-38.5 months) and a mean radiographic review of 18.9 months (range 1.3-36.9 months). CONCLUSION: This investigation confirms the clinical efficacy of a one-fifth dilution of Buckley's Formocresol as an agent in pulp treatment of cariously exposed, vital primary molar teeth. However, calcium hydroxide in its pure, powder form is a clinically acceptable alternative when combined with strict selection criteria for this method of restorative care. There was a statistically insignificant difference in successful clinical and radiological outcome between the two treatment groups. Success was unrelated to the duration of time taken to achieve haemostasis and the presence or absence of bleeding after placement of the medicament.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1999

Methodology of follicular unit hair transplantation.

This article discusses various techniques used in hair transplantation. Current techniques are compared in great detail. The cost-effectiveness of each technique and the various results one can achieve with each procedure is also discussed.

Hair Follicle↗
PubMed1999

A comparison of graft implantation techniques for hair transplantation.

Modern hair restoration surgery involves moving hair-bearing grafts from the posterior scalp into areas of hair loss for correction of androgenic alopecia. Over the past decade, this procedure has been refined in multiple ways for the creation of increasingly natural results. The following is a comparison of commonly used graft harvesting, sectioning, and implantation techniques currently in use for hair restoration today. This comparison includes data on total procedure time, graft cutting time, graft insertion time, labor requirements, and cost.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1999

Cure behaviour of visible light-activated pattern materials.

AIM: This study tested the hypothesis that the cure behaviour (depth of cure and polymerization contraction) of light-activated pattern materials was no worse than that of light-activated composite resins, allowing them to be handled in a similar fashion. METHODOLOGY: Depth of cure was measured by a penetrometer method. RESULTS: Cure depths were comparable to those of composite resins, ranging from 3.52 mm (Lumin-X paste) to 6.76 mm (Visioform) after visible light activation for 30 s. There were significant differences in the depth of cure of the three materials tested (P < 0.001). Polymerization contraction was assessed by a minimal load transducer method. Values ranged from 0.45% (Lumin-X paste) to 1.89% (Visioform), lower than that of composite resins. There were significant differences in the polymerization contraction values for each of the three materials (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that light-activated pattern materials cure in a manner comparable to composite resins, and may be built up incrementally in a similar fashion.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Development of a method to detect and quantify prostaglandin E2 in pulpal blood from cariously exposed, vital primary molar teeth.

AIM: The aim of this in vitro study was to detect and quantify an established marker of inflammation, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in blood samples harvested from radicular pulp stumps after coronal pulp amputation. METHODOLOGY: Harvesting was achieved by a paper strip 'dip-stick' method and the volume of each sample estimated before storage at -80 degrees C. A competitive, plate-based enzyme immunoassay technique (EIA) was developed for detection and quantification of the inflammatory mediator assumed to be present in blood samples. Since this technique had not previously been used to assess pulp blood, steps in the development of harvesting, storage, extraction and validation of this sensitive assay are described. RESULTS: Thirty-nine single-blood samples were assayed and yielded detectable amounts of PGE2 ranging from 1.0 to 2641 ng mL-1. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this investigation indicate that the inflammatory mediator, PGE2 can be detected and quantified in small blood samples from pulp stumps. Further development may derive quantitative tests for determining the condition of pulp tissue in primary molar pulp treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Preclinical endodontology: an international comparison.

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare preclinical endodontic teaching in Europe, Scandinavia and North America, and to place recent UK data in an international context. METHODOLOGY: A postal questionnaire was sent to all undergraduate dental schools in North America, Scandinavia, and Europe. Data were requested on a range of issues relating to endodontic teaching. RESULTS: Forty-three percent of the 170 schools surveyed returned completed questionnaires. There was considerable international consensus on the content of preclinical courses, with most schools advocating preflaring canal preparation techniques, sodium hypochlorite for irrigation, and cold lateral condensation as the standard obturation method. There was little consensus on the standard use of intracanal medicaments, though calcium hydroxide was universally popular. The practice of single visit treatment was advocated by at least 70% of schools in all geographical areas. A number of innovations appear to be gaining acceptance in preclinical teaching, with more than 20% of schools teaching the use of electronic apex locators, and a quarter of Western European, Scandinavian and North American schools embracing nickel-titanium instrumentation. Regional differences in the priority and resource given to endodontic teaching were striking. On average, UK schools had the worst staff:student ratios for preclinical endodontic teaching, and allocated substantially less time allocation for this teaching compared with Western European, Scandinavian and North American schools. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that although teachers in the UK were broadly advocating techniques recommended elsewhere, the academic infrastructure and priority given for endodontic teaching in the UK was limited in the international context. This may have some impact on the quality of endodontic provision within the UK General Dental Services.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1996

Vancomycin-induced linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD).

We report the eleventh case of vancomycin-induced linear IgA disease. Our case is unusual because symptoms developed within minutes of administration of the drug. We discuss the pathogenesis and review the literature.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

The physical properties of a gallium alloy restorative material.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to compare the physical properties of a gallium alloy restorative material and a widely used mercury-containing dental amalgam. METHODS: Although the specimens were not prepared according to ISO specifications, specimens of both materials were subjected to ISO standard (ISO 1559; 1986) tests. The results were analyzed by ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test and Student's t-test. RESULTS: The gallium alloy showed setting expansion which was greater than that for the other amalgam and greater than the upper limit set by the ISO standard. For other properties, gallium alloy performed as well as, and in the case of creep, was superior to that of the amalgam. SIGNIFICANCE: The gallium alloy proved difficult to manipulate even when using the PTFE coated instruments recommended by the manufacturer. It is suggested that while the material may prove to be a viable alternative to conventional dental amalgam, a considerable improvement in its handling characteristics would be required before it would gain widespread acceptance for clinical use.

Alloys↗
PubMed1995

Marginal leakage of Gallium Alloy root-end fillings: an in-vitro assessment.

The sealing ability of amalgam and Gallium Alloy Gallium Filling (GF) root-end fillings was evaluated in vitro using a highly uniform collection of sheep incisor roots. Following ultrasonic canal debridement and orthograde obturation with gutta-percha and sealer, root-end cavities were prepared in 100 roots and filled with amalgam (50 teeth) or Gallium Alloy GF (50 teeth), Twenty-five teeth from each group were subjected to immediate dye leakage assessment under vacuum conditions with methylene blue dye (2%), pH 7. Linear dye penetration was measured following longitudinal splitting. The other 25 teeth from each group were incubated in Ringer's solution for 12 weeks before leakage assessment by the same method. Control teeth were included in each component of the study. Mean linear dye penetration was: amalgam--5.17 mm at baseline, 2.33 mm after 12 week's incubation; Gallium Alloy GF--2.21 mm at baseline, 1.41 mm after 12 week's incubation. The apical marginal seal of both materials improved significantly following storage in Ringer's solution (P<0.001). Gallium Alloy GF provided a better apical seal than amalgam, both at baseline and following storage (P<0.001). Subjective evaluation of the general handling characteristics of Gallium Alloy GF revealed that it was a more difficult material to manipulate than amalgam, largely because of its wetting ability and consequent adhesion to dental instruments.

Alloys↗
PubMed1991

Factors associated with successful entry into therapy in child sexual abuse cases.

Given the well-documented, long-term, negative mental health consequences of child sexual abuse, it is important that children receive counseling following abuse. Often, the social worker's responsibility is to insure that abused children are appropriately referred for counseling following disclosure of sexual abuse. There are multiple factors that could facilitate or hinder this process, and identification of these factors is important in assisting families in becoming engaged in therapy. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the extent of the problem of sexual abuse victims failing to keep their first scheduled therapy appointment, and (2) identify factors associated with failure to attend. Subjects were 129 consecutive child sexual abuse clients referred to long-term therapy by counselors at a crisis intervention center. Those who attended their first therapy session (n = 84) were found to differ from those who did not (n = 45) on the basis of their race, the center to which they were referred (private or public), whether the family had a telephone in the home, and whether the child's mother agreed that the family needed counseling. Implications of this study for increasing attendance at therapy are presented and recommendations are made for further research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Use of rapid carbohydrate utilisation test for identifying "Streptococcus milleri group".

A short series of biochemical and serological tests were developed for the rapid presumptive identification of "Streptococcus milleri group" isolates. One hundred and seventy seven streptococcal isolates were recovered from the mouths of 10 out of 12 healthy adult volunteers by use of a simple sampling procedure and a single selective medium. In all, 127 oral "S milleri group" isolates were identified by biochemical and serological tests, confirming the indigenous nature of these streptococci in the mouth. Most (70.1%) of "S milleri group" isolates were non-haemolytic, 26% were alpha-haemolytic, and 3.9% beta-haemolytic. Fifty four (42.5%) were serologically typable, of which 46 were Lancefield group F, suggesting that the mouth is an important source of Lancefield group F streptococci. A collection of group F streptococci from a range of sources was indistinguishable from a collection of oral "S milleri group" isolates on the basis of the tests used, supporting the general synonymity of group F streptococcus with the broader "S milleri group". The battery of tests was cheap and simple to perform, and was capable of identifying "S milleri group" isolates from a range of sources, including variants with wide sugar fermentation patterns.

Adult↗