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Biomedical subjects

J M Weinstein

Publications and source records attributed to J M Weinstein.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatous angiitis). Neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations.

Two patients with severe bronchial asthma, hypereosinophilia, and peripheral neuropathy were initially observed with neuro-ophthalmologic signs and symptoms that included amaurosis fugax, superior oblique palsy, ischemic optic neuropathy, and scattered areas of retinal infarction. Clinical investigation led to the diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatous angiitis). As in other collagen vascular diseases, ocular signs or symptoms may occasionally be the most prominent manifestation of the disease. Recognition of this systemic disorder by the ophthalmologist may minimize systemic and ocular complications.

Asthma↗
PubMed1983

Regional optic nerve blood flow and its autoregulation.

An autoradiographic method (14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography) was used to measure regional optic nerve blood flow (ONBF) under basal conditions in 11 adult female cats. Flow was measured in six regions of the optic nerve: (1) prelaminar, (2) laminar, (3) 1 mm post-laminar, (4) 4 mm post-laminar, (5) 6 mm post-laminar, and (6) intracranial optic nerve and chiasm. A gradient of flow rates was found with relatively high flow in the prelaminar, laminar, and 1-mm post-laminar optic nerve, and significantly lower flow in the 4- and 6-mm post-laminar nerve and in the intracranial optic nerve and chiasm. Blood flow in the 4- and 6-mm post-laminar nerve and in the intracranial nerve and chiasm was comparable to previously reported values for cerebral white matter in the cat. With alteration of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), optic nerve blood flow demonstrated autoregulatory compensation in all areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Optic neuropathy and paratrigeminal syndrome due to Aspergillus fumigatus.

Chronic Aspergillus meningitis and cerebral vasculitis occurred in a 67-year-old man. He experienced periorbital pain that increased in severity during a ten-month period. Although no focal neurologic deficits were initially present, oculosympathetic paresis, corneal hypesthesia, and optic neuropathy developed. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of paratrigeminal syndrome with optic neuropathy due to aspergillosis. The case was also unusual because it was chronic and there was no extracerebral infection or predisposing factors, such as underlying malignancy or collagen vascular disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Metastatic endophthalmitis due to Salmonella typhimurium.

A 48-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia had endophthalmitis as the first sign of generalized sepsis due to Salmonella typhimurium. The organism grew from the anterior chamber aspirate as well as from the blood cultures. The eye required enucleation, and pathologically identifiable organisms were present in the vitreous cavity. To our knowledge, a case of metastatic endophthalmitis due to S typhimurium has not been previously reported. Salmonella is an opportunistic organism and should be considered in cases of endophthalmitis occurring in an immunocompromised host.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

Ischemic optic neuropathy in migraine.

Two patients with histories of migraine had ischemic optic neuropathy develop during an episode of migraine. Clinical and radiologic studies excluded other causes of visual loss. Fluorescein angiography confirmed as ischemic process involving the optic dis. In both cases, visual loss was permanent. No further visual disturbance has occurred in either patient during a two-year period of follow-up while taking oral doses of propranolol hydrochloride.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Optic nerve blood flow and its regulation.

Intracranial optic nerve blood flow was measured by the radiolabeled microsphere technique in 30 adult sheep under light barbiturate anesthesia. Regional blood-flow rates were determined under basal conditions. The responses of regional blood flow to alterations in PaCO2 and to changes in arterial blood pressure were also measured. Under basal conditions blood flow was comparable to that found in other cerebral white matter (14 +/- 1 ml/100 gm/min). Responses to hypercarbia and hypocarbia were also similar to reported measurements for other cerebral white matter. With alteration of arterial blood pressure, intracranial optic nerve blood flow remained constant within the limits of cerebral autoregulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Acute syphilitic optic neuritis.

Two patients experienced acute unilateral visual loss as a manifestation of early infectious (secondary) neurosyphilis. In both cases, optic disc swelling was preceded by the development of a characteristic rash accompanied by mild signs of meningeal inflammation. Other signs of ocular inflammation, such as uveitis or retinal vasculitis, were absent. Optic neuritis may occur as a manifestation of the meningeal inflammation that can accompany secondary syphilis. In such patients, it is important to confirm involvement of the CNS and to institute appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Congenital Horner's syndrome.

Patients with congenital Horner's syndrome (who seemed, on the basis of their clinical history and the distribution fo anhidrosis, to have a preganglionic lesion) had partial mydriatic failure with hydroxyamphetamine hydrobromide and a supersensitivity to phenylephrine hydrochloride. This apparent paradox can be readily explained by postulating an aorthograde transsynaptic dysgenesis of the postganglionic neuron, such as has been demonstrated in the sympathetic nervous system of newborn animals. The failure of hydroxyamphetamine to cause mydriasis indicates damage to the postganglionic sympathetic neuron, but in the neonate this damage may be secondary to a preganglionic lesion.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Pupil cycle time in optic nerve compression.

We measured pupil cycle time before and after treatment in 11 patients with compressive optic nerve disease. Nine patients had chiasmal tumors and two had optic neuropathy of Grave's disease. Pupil cycle time before treatment was abnormal in at least one eye of all patients and in each case, pupil cycle time improved or worsened in accordance with the response to treatment of the patient's visual acuity and visual fields. This suggests that the pupil cycle time may be used as a simple objective office test for following up patients with impaired optic nerve conduction as the result of optic nerve compression. This information is similar to that gained from visual evoked response and may be used together with other objective clinical data such as disk pallor, nerve fiber loss, and relative afferent pupillary defect.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Bone formation in association with a limbal dermoid.

A healthy female infant was born with a unilateral limbal dermoid. When the lesion was surgically excised, a plaque of bone was found under the scleral portion of the lesion. The occurrence of bone in ocular dermoinds is extremely uncommon and, to our knowledge, has been reported only twice in dermoids that occur in epibulbar locations away from the limbus.

Dermoid Cyst↗
PubMed1978

The interest check list: an empirical assessment.

The empirical structure of the five a priori categories of the Neuropsychiatric Interest Check List was assessed by using factor analysis. Items from the Physical Sports and Cultural/Educational categories functioned as hypothesized, whereas those from the Manual Skills and Activities of Daily Living categories overlapped. Items comprising the Social Recreation category failed to cluster together in a meaningful way.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Optic glioma associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

A 6-year-old boy with decreased vision was found to have Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome with an associated glioma involving the intracranial optic nerves, chiasm, and optic tracts. The association of this syndrome with visceral and central nervous system neoplasms is discussed.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute loss of vision during pregnancy due to a suprasellar mass.

A pregnant woman presented with headaches, bilateral decreased visual acuity, and a central scotoma with a superotemporal hemianopic defect in the right eye and a superotemporal hemianopic defect in the left eye, and bilateral temporal optic disk pallor. Neuroimaging revealed an intrasellar mass with suprasellar extension. Biopsy of the lesion revealed lymphocytic hypophysitis (LH). Treatment with steroids produced marked improvement in visual function. The clinical presentation of lymphocytic hypothysitis may mimic pituitary adenoma and the diagnosis should be suspected in any pregnant or postpartum patient with an intrasellar or suprasellar mass.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parental knowledge and practice of primary skin cancer prevention: gaps and solutions.

Over the past two decades there have been significant efforts in the United States to heighten awareness about skin cancer. Our goal was to assess parental knowledge, practice, and source of information about sun protection for their children. A questionnaire was administered to 158 parents of children at a dermatology clinic and 96 parents of children at a pediatric clinic (n=254). The survey included four parts: demographics, knowledge about skin cancer, sun protection practices, and sources of sun protection information. The mean knowledge score was 61% correct. Independent predictors of a higher score were fewer children and being a health care or other professional (p < 0.03). Independent predictors of parental sunscreen use were higher knowledge score, younger age, and fewer lifetime sunburns (p < 0.03); predictors of sunscreen use for children were higher knowledge score and fairer skin (p < 0.03). The top sources of sun protection information ranked by respondents were television and magazines; the top desired sources were primary care physicians and dermatologists. The knowledge results suggest the need for increased education about skin cancer prevention. Because the media is a major information source, it is important to ensure that messages about sun risks/protection are correct. The respondents' desire to learn more from primary care physicians emphasizes the need to educate physicians about sun protection.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of primary trochlear nerve neoplasms.

We present the clinical, anatomic, and MR imaging findings in six patients with seven primary trochlear nerve neoplasms, as well as the MR and clinical criteria that serve to establish the diagnosis of these rare cranial nerve neoplasms. Three patients had a history of neurofibromatosis and five patients had clinical evidence of a trochlear nerve palsy. Six of seven neoplasms produced localized, fusiform enlargement of the proximal cisternal segments of the trochlear nerves. The lesions that were visible on noncontrast MR scans (T1-, T2-, and proton density-weighted) had signal intensities that were virtually identical to normal brain parenchyma. All lesions showed intense, homogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced scans. Contrast-enhanced imaging was necessary for the detection of five of seven lesions and greatly increased the value of the MR study in all six patients.

Adult↗