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Biomedical subjects

J M Wallace

Publications and source records attributed to J M Wallace.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Relationship between nutritionally-mediated placental growth restriction and fetal growth, body composition and endocrine status during late gestation in adolescent sheep.

The aim was to investigate the consequences of nutritionally-mediated placental growth restriction on fetal organ growth, conformation, body composition and endocrine status during late gestation. Embryos recovered from superovulated adult ewes inseminated by a single sire were transferred in singleton to the uterus of peripubertal adolescent recipients. Post-transfer, adolescent dams were offered a high (H) or moderate (M) level of a complete diet to promote rapid or moderate maternal growth rates, respectively (n=7 per group). After day 100 of gestation the feed intake of the M dams was adjusted weekly to maintain body condition score. Liveweight gain during the first 100 days of gestation was 301+/-24 and 90+/-4.6 g/day for the H and M groups, respectively. Maternal plasma concentrations of insulin, IGF-I and urea were significantly higher and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations significantly lower in H compared with M dams prior to slaughter on day 128 of gestation. At this stage of gestation, total placentome weight was 50 per cent lower in H compared with M groups (P< 0.001) and was associated with a 37 per cent reduction in fetal weight (P< 0.01). All variables of fetal conformation and absolute fetal organ weights, with the exception of the adrenal glands, were lower (P< 0. 05) in the fetuses from H intake dams. However, relative fetal organ weights expressed as g/kg fetal body weight, with the exception of the gut, were not influenced by maternal dietary intake. Furthermore, fetal weight but not maternal nutritional group were predictive of individual organ weight for all organs dissected. Together these results imply that growth restriction in the fetuses derived from H intake dams was largely symmetrical. Fetal plasma concentrations of insulin, IGF-I and glucose were attenuated (P< 0.05) in fetuses from H compared with M groups. The lower fetal body weight in the former group was associated with a reduction in absolute but not relative crude protein (P< 0.01) and fat content (P< 0.05). Total fetal liver glycogen content but not concentration was (P< 0.05) reduced in H versus M groups. The lower mass of both the placenta and fetal liver was due to a reduction in cell number rather than an alteration in cell size. Thus, over-nourishing adolescent sheep is associated with a major restriction in placental growth which mediates a gradual slowing of fetal growth during the final third of pregnancy.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2000

Bioavailability of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in foods enriched with microencapsulated fish oil.

OBJECTIVE: Incorporation of fish oil into food products provides a means of increasing n-3 fatty acid intake, particularly in populations where fish consumption remains low. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioavailability of n-3 PUFA in microencapsulated fish-oil-enriched foods compared with an equal amount of n-3 PUFAs contained in fish oil capsules. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy female volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two groups for the 4-week intervention: one group received 0.9 g of n-3 PUFA/day as fish oil capsule (capsule group), while the second group (food group) received an equal amount of n-3 PUFA/day from enriched foods. Baseline and post-intervention samples were analysed for platelet fatty acid composition. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the change in platelet arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) between the two groups following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that n-3 PUFA from microencapsulated fish-oil-enriched foods are as bioavailable as n-3 PUFA in a capsule. Fortification of foods with microencapsulated fish oil, therefore, offers an effective way of increasing n-3 PUFA intakes and status in line with current dietary recommendations.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Permanent declines in pulmonary function following pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. The Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Group.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated respiratory infections, most notably Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), but also bacterial pneumonia (BP), result in reductions in lung function that have been studied mainly during the course of acute infection. Whether HIV-associated pneumonias also cause permanent changes in pulmonary function is unknown. In this study we investigated the long-term effects of PCP and BP on pulmonary function in a cohort of HIV-infected persons. One thousand, one hundred forty-nine HIV-infected persons were followed in a prospective, observational cohort study at six centers in the United States. Study participants had pulmonary function testing performed at regular preset intervals. PCP and BP diagnoses were verified with defined criteria. Longitudinal multivariate analysis was used to model pulmonary function in terms of demographic data and occurrence of PCP or BP. We found that PCP or BP was associated with permanent decreases in FEV(1), FVC, FEV(1)/FVC, and the diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide. Neither infection resulted in statistically significant changes in TLC. We conclude that PCP and BP result in expiratory airflow reductions that persist after the acute infection resolves. The clinical implications of these changes are unknown, but they may contribute to prolonged respiratory complaints in HIV-infected patients who have had pneumonia.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2000

Placental leptin.

Placental tissues from humans, rodents and farm animals contain leptin and its receptor. Leptin produced by the human placenta has the same size, charge and immunoreactivity as leptin produced by adipose tissue. However, the expression of human placental leptin appears to be regulated by a placenta-specific upstream enhancer. In this review the occurrence of leptin and its receptor in a range of species and placental types is described, and its significance during pregnancy discussed. Placental leptin contributes to the increase in maternal circulating concentrations of leptin during late pregnancy when it is likely to have an endocrine role in regulating maternal energy balance. Placental leptin may have angiogenic and immunomodulatory activities, which affect the placenta in an autocrine or paracrine manner. It also appears to affect fetal growth and development by binding to leptin receptors present in fetal organs.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2000

Effect of a high maternal dietary intake during mid-gestation on components of the utero-placental insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in adolescent sheep with retarded placental development.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of administering a high plane diet during early to mid-gestation on the uterine and placental insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and on systemic IGF-I concentrations in pregnant adolescent ewes with restricted placental growth. Embryos recovered from superovulated ewes inseminated by a single sire were transferred in singleton to the uterus of adolescent recipients. After transfer ewes were offered a high (H) or moderate (M) amount of a complete diet calculated to promote rapid or normal maternal growth rates, respectively. Five ewes from each group were switched from either M to H or H to M diets at day 52 of gestation. Maternal and fetal blood samples and placental tissues were collected from all animals at day 104. Ewes on the high plane diet from mid-gestation (HH, MH groups) had restricted placental mass (P < 0.01) and tended to have smaller fetuses. This was associated with increased maternal plasma IGF-I concentrations (P < 0.001). The pattern of expression of components of the IGF system in the uterus and placenta was studied by in situ hybridization. IGF-I mRNA concentrations were below the limit of detection. IGF-II mRNA expression was high in the fetal mesoderm and present in maternal stroma, but was not influenced by nutritional treatment. In contrast, IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) mRNA expression was higher (P < 0.05) and IGFBP-3 mRNA expression was lower (P < 0.05) in the endometrial glands of ewes in HH and MH groups. In the fetal trophoblast, IGFBP-3 mRNA expression was higher in the MH group. Type 1 IGF receptor expression was increased (P < 0. 01) in the luminal epithelium of the HM group and IGFBP-2 mRNA expression was highest in the placentome capsule of ewes in the HH group. Together, these results indicate that reprogramming of the uterine and placental IGF axis by maternal nutrition could contribute to placental growth retardation in growing adolescent sheep.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

Influence of a probiotic adjunct culture of Enterococcus faecium on the quality of cheddar cheese.

Cheddar cheese has previously been shown to be an effective vehicle for delivery of viable cells of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain to the gastrointestinal tract. The particular strain, E. faecium PR88, has proven efficacy in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, and in this study it was evaluated for suitability as a starter adjunct for Cheddar cheese manufacture. When added to cheesemilk at an inoculum of 2 x 10(7) cfu/mL, the enterococcal adjunct maintained viability in Cheddar cheese at levels of up to 3 x 10(8) cfu/g during 9 months of ripening. Increased proteolysis and higher levels of some odor-active volatile compounds were observed in Cheddar cheeses containing the PR88 adjunct compared with the control throughout the ripening period. In addition, the enterococcal adjunct strain did not affect cheese composition. Although sensory evaluation showed no significant difference in flavor/aroma and body/texture scores between control and experimental cheeses, repeated comments by the commercial grader consistently described the cheeses containing PR88 as 'more advanced than the control' and as having 'better flavor'. These findings indicate that the presence of the PR88 adjunct strain in Cheddar cheese at levels of >/=10(8) cfu/g may positively influence Cheddar flavor.

Cheese↗
PubMed1999

Effects of hormone replacement therapy and social stress on body fat distribution in surgically postmenopausal monkeys.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and social stress on body fat distribution in an animal model of women's health, the female cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis). DESIGN/SUBJECTS: Adult female cynomolgus monkeys were ovariectomized and fed an atherogenic diet for two years while housed in social groups of 3-8 monkeys each. Animals were then fed a lipid-lowering diet and randomized into four experimental groups: a baseline group which was necropsied immediately and not included in the study reported here, 26 females fed diet only (CONTROL), 22 females fed diet plus conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), and 21 females fed the diet plus CEE and medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEE + MPA). Treatment lasted 30 months. MEASUREMENTS: During the last nine months of treatment, social status was determined three times at three month intervals. At the end of the study, whole body obesity and fat distribution patterns were determined using anthropometry and computerized tomography (CT). RESULTS: The addition of a progestin to the estrogen replacement regimen administered to surgically postmenopausal monkeys, increased all anthropometric and CT measures of obesity except intra-abdominal fat. HRT had no effect on patterns of fat distribution. Socially-dominant, ovariectomized females were more obese than subordinates using both anthropometric and CT measurements of whole body obesity. Dominant females were more likely to have their fat deposited centrally as measured anthropometrically. However, CT measures revealed a trend for dominants to preferentially deposit fat in the subcutaneous abdominal depot in contrast to subordinates who deposited fat in the intra-abdominal depot. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that progestins, when administered in combination with estrogens, may increase fat deposition, particularly in subcutaneous depots. In addition, the social stress experienced by subordinate monkeys, may have mild effects on fat deposition patterns, even after removal of ovarian function as a factor. These observations may have implications for treatment recommendations in postmenopausal women. Lastly, CT may measure different characteristics of fat distribution than skinfolds and circumferences.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1999

Impact of bacterial pneumonia and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on human immunodeficiency virus disease progression. Pulmonary Complications of HIV Study Group.

The course of pneumonia caused by pyogenic bacteria and Pneumocystis carinii was examined in a multicity cohort study of HIV infection. The median duration of survival among 150 individuals following initial bacterial pneumonia was 24 months, compared with 37 months among 299 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected control subjects matched by study site and CD4 lymphocyte count (P<.001). For 152 subjects with P. carinii pneumonia, median survival was 23 months, compared with 30 months for 280 matched control subjects (P = .002). Median durations of survival associated with the two types of pneumonia differed by only 47 days, despite a higher median CD4 lymphocyte count associated with bacterial pneumonia. These results suggest that both P. carinii pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia are associated with a significantly worse subsequent HIV disease course. The similarity of prognosis after one episode of bacterial pneumonia vs. an AIDS-defining opportunistic infection and the proportion of cases occurring in association with a CD4 lymphocyte count of >200 suggest that measures to prevent bacterial pneumonia should be emphasized.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1999

Switching maternal dietary intake at the end of the first trimester has profound effects on placental development and fetal growth in adolescent ewes carrying singleton fetuses.

The aim was to investigate whether placental growth and hence pregnancy outcome could be altered by switching adolescent dams from a high to a moderate nutrient intake, and vice-versa, at the end of the first trimester. Embryos recovered from adult ewes inseminated by a single sire were transferred in singleton to peripubertal adolescents. After transfer, adolescent ewes were offered a high (H, n = 33) or moderate (M, n = 32) level of a diet calculated to promote rapid or moderate maternal growth rates, respectively. At Day 50 of gestation, half the ewes had their dietary intakes switched, yielding 4 treatment groups: HH, MM, HM, and MH. A subset of ewes were killed at Day 104 of gestation to determine maternal body composition in relation to growth of the products of conception. Maternal body composition measurements revealed that the higher live weight in the high-intake dams was predominantly due to an increase in body fat deposition, with a less pronounced increase in body protein. At Day 104, HH and MH groups (high intake during second trimester) compared with MM and HM groups (moderate intake during second trimester) had a lower (p < 0.002) total fetal cotyledon weight; but fetal weight, conformation, and individual organ weights were not significantly influenced by maternal dietary intake. In ewes delivering live young at term, a high plane of nutrition from the end of the first trimester (HH and MH groups) compared with moderate levels (MM and HM groups) was associated with a reduction in gestation length (p < 0.009), total placental weight (p < 0.002), total fetal cotyledon weight (p < 0.001), and mean fetal cotyledon weight per placenta (p < 0.001). Fetal cotyledon number was dependent on maternal dietary intake during the first trimester only and was lower (p < 0.007) in HH and HM ewes compared to MM and MH ewes. The inhibition of fetal cotyledon growth in HH and MH groups was associated with a major decrease (p < 0.001) in lamb birth weight at term relative to the MM and HM groups. Thus, reducing maternal dietary intake from a high to a moderate level at the end of the first trimester stimulates placental growth and enhances pregnancy outcome, and increasing maternal dietary intake at this time point has a deleterious effect on placental development and fetal growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effect of cholesterol feeding on DNA damage in male and female Syrian hamsters.

Cholesterol oxides are cytotoxic and have been implicated in many disease processes; however, it has been proposed that cholesterol oxides result from cholesterol acting as a sacrificial antioxidant. In this study, the effect of dietary cholesterol on DNA damage, assessed by the alkaline comet assay, was examined in male and female Syrian hamsters. Animals were fed ad libitum a modified AIN-76 diet (control) or a diet with 0.5% cholesterol for 10 weeks. Following the 10-week feeding period, there was no significant difference in body weight between cholesterol-fed and control animals. Cholesterol feeding resulted in significant liver hypertrophy, and increased plasma total and HDL cholesterol in both male and female animals compared with controls. There was no difference in liver cell DNA damage levels as measured by the comet assay. Heart cells from cholesterol-fed hamsters, however, showed a significant decrease in tail DNA (p = 0.050) indicating decreased damage compared with controls and a possible protective effect of cholesterol against DNA damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Disseminated blastomycosis in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

An 8-year-old male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) died following a 6-day illness consisting of progressive depression, anorexia, labored abdominal breathing, coughing, and tachypnea. Gross necropsy findings included severe multifocal (miliary) granulomatous pneumonia, granulomatous splenitis, and multifocal cerebral abscesses. Histologic examination revealed 10-15-microm broad-based budding organisms within pyogranulomatous inflammatory lesions in the lung, tracheobronchial lymph node, brain, spleen, and liver. The distribution of extrapulmonary lesions was intermediate between that described for dogs and that described for humans. These findings were consistent with blastomycosis, which is previously unreported in nonhuman primates.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The epidemiology of alcohol, tobacco and other drug use among black youth.

OBJECTIVE: Although there is a growing literature on racial/ethnic differences in alcohol, tobacco and other drug use among adolescents, relatively little is known about the social epidemiology of drug use within the black youth population. The purpose of this article is to address this knowledge gap. METHOD: Data from the Monitoring the Future Project are used to examine empirically the prevalence, trends and sociodemographic correlates of drug use among nationally representative samples of black eighth, tenth and twelfth graders (approximate N = 25,000). RESULTS: Alcohol is the drug most widely used by black youth, followed by tobacco and marijuana. By twelfth grade, seven in 10 black secondary students have used alcohol, less than 50% have smoked cigarettes, 25% have used marijuana and less than 2% have used cocaine. Trend data indicate that, although alcohol use has been relatively stable over time, cigarette and marijuana use are increasing. Gender and family structure are significant sociodemographic correlates of drug use, with use being, on average, higher among males than females, and higher among students who do not live with either of their parents than among those who live with at least one of their parents. The relationships between drug use and socioeconomic status, urbanicity and region vary depending on students' grade level and the specific drug in question. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide an important empirical baseline for future research on the epidemiology and etiology of drug use among young black people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Ovulation, fertilization and lambing rates, and peripheral progesterone concentrations, in ewes inseminated at a natural oestrus during November or February.

The objective of this study was to determine the relative importance of seasonal changes in ovulation rate, fertilization rate and embryo survival as the cause of reduced lambing rates in ewes mated in February compared with those mated in November. The study was conducted at 57 degrees N using mature Mule ewes and Suffolk rams. Sixty ewes were allocated equally to five groups: unbred (UB) or mated at a natural oestrus during November (N) or February (F) by natural (N) or cervical artificial (A) insemination. Groups were maintained separately at pasture supplemented with hay. A raddled vasectomized or non-vasectomized ram was present with UB, NN and NA groups from 26 October 1995 to 1 January 1996 and with UB, FN and FA groups from 25 January 1996 to 31 March 1996. Ewes marked by the ram were recorded twice a day, and those in groups NN, NA, FN and FA were inseminated at their second behavioural oestrus. For all ewes, blood samples were obtained once a day from introduction of the vasectomized rams until 30 days after mating (groups NN, NA, FN and FA) or 20 days after the first oestrus (group UB), and ovulation rate was measured by laparoscopy 7 days after the first oestrus. For ewes in groups NN, NA, FN and FA, ovulation rate was measured again after the second oestrus and ova were recovered from six ewes per group for assessment of fertilization before autotransfer. Pregnancy and lambing rates were recorded at term. Mean (+/- SE) dates of the first recorded oestrus for ewes in groups NN, NA and UB, and FN, FA and UB were 4 +/- 1.1 November and 4 +/- 0.9 February, respectively, and intervals between the first and second oestrus were 16 +/- 0.2 and 17 +/- 0.3 days (P < 0.01), respectively. Ovulation rates were 2.6 +/- 0.08 and 2.0 +/- 0.05 (P < 0.001), and peripheral progesterone concentrations during the luteal phase were 8.5 +/- 0.25 and 7.6 +/- 0.31 ng ml-1 (P < 0.05), for November and February, respectively. The difference in peripheral progesterone concentration was not solely attributable to the difference in ovulation rate. There was no significant effect of month or method of insemination, or of embryo recovery and autotransfer procedures on pregnancy rates and the proportion of ewes that became pregnant were NN 0.92, NA 0.83, FN 0.67 and FA 0.75. For ewes undergoing embryo recovery and autotransfer, ova recovered per corpus luteum were 1.00, 0.93, 1.00 and 0.92, fertilized ova per ovum recovered were 0.69, 0.92, 1.00 and 0.83, and lambs born per corpus luteum were 0.62, 0.79, 0.78 and 0.58 for NN, NA, FN and FA groups, respectively. There were no significant seasonal effects on fertilization rate or embryo survival. It is concluded that a seasonal decline in ovulation rate is the primary cause of reduced lambing rates in ewes mated in February compared with those mated in November. Pregnancy rates were high after mating in both periods and were not enhanced by the use of cervical insemination.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

The social ecology of addiction: race, risk, and resilience.

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this article are to inform pediatricians and other health professionals of key contextual risk factors that elevate black and Hispanic Americans' likelihood to use substances and to discuss selected protective mechanisms that may shield members of these populations against substance use. METHOD: The article selectively reviews the literature on the epidemiology, etiology, and consequences of alcohol and other drug use among white, black, and Hispanic adults and youth. RESULTS: The extant research suggests that historical and contemporary racialized practices and ideologies influence racial/ethnic differences in substance use outcomes, both directly and indirectly, through their influence on the communities in which people of different racial/ethnic groups are placed, through their influence on the structure and process of people's interpersonal relationships, and through the impact that they have on individuals' psychology and behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Although the emphasis of pediatricians' and many other helping professionals' work focuses on individuals and individual-level behaviors, these behaviors can only be properly examined, diagnosed, and treated when they are understood in light of the community and societal contexts in which they occur.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Nutrition and fetal growth: paradoxical effects in the overnourished adolescent sheep.

Inappropriate maternal nutrient intake at key developmental timepoints during ovine pregnancy has a profound influence on the outcome of pregnancy and aspects of postnatal productivity. However, the responses to alterations in maternal nutrition in adult sheep are often highly variable and inconsistent between studies. The growing adolescent sheep provides a new, robust and nutritionally sensitive paradigm with which to study the causes, consequences and reversibility of prenatal growth restriction. Overnourishing the adolescent dam to promote rapid maternal growth throughout pregnancy results in a major restriction in placental mass, and leads to a significant decrease in birthweight relative to moderately fed, normally growing adolescents of equivalent gynaecological age. Maternal insulin and IGF-I concentrations are increased from an early stage of gestation in overnourished adolescent dams and these hormones ensure that the anabolic drive required to promote maternal tissue synthesis is initiated at a time when the nutrient requirements of the gravid uterus are low. The major restriction in fetal growth in rapidly growing dams occurs irrespective of high concentrations of essential nutrients in the maternal circulation and suggests that the small size or altered metabolic and transport capacity of the placenta is the primary constraint to fetal growth. The decrease in placental weight in the overnourished animals reflects a significant reduction in both fetal cotyledon number and mean cotyledon weight. The role of nutritionally mediated alterations in progesterone and the components of the IGF system in this early pregnancy placental phenomenon are being investigated. Nutritional switch-over studies have demonstrated that reducing maternal nutrient intake at the end of the first third of pregnancy can stimulate placental growth and enhance pregnancy outcome, but increasing nutrient intake at this time has a deleterious effect on placental development and fetal growth.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1998

Fish oil supplementation with and without added vitamin E differentially modulates plasma antioxidant concentrations in healthy women.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of fish oil with or without vitamin E on plasma vitamin antioxidants. Thirty-three apparently healthy women aged 18-28 yr were recruited from the university environs, and 30 completed the double-blinded, parallel design supplementation trial. Blood samples were collected at baseline (week 0) and following 28 d of supplementation with three capsules/d (0.8 g x 3) of either fish oil (FO) or FO with vitamin E (3 IU/g) (FOE). An additional blood sample was taken at day 91 (washout). Plasma antioxidant vitamins, fatty acid composition, and lipid peroxides were measured. Plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations were increased significantly in both groups postsupplementation FO (P = 0.018) and FOE (P = 0.003) compared with baseline and washout values. Plasma retinol concentration was significantly increased (P = 0.034) compared with baseline and washout values following supplementation with FOE but not FO, while plasma beta-carotene was significantly increased (P = 0.036), compared with baseline and washout values, following supplementation with FO but not FOE. There was a trend (P = 0.059) toward decreased plasma ascorbic acid following FO supplementation compared with baseline and washout. Plasma lipid peroxides did not change following either supplementation. Results suggest that low-dose FO feeding with and without vitamin E differentially modulates plasma antioxidant vitamins but has no significant effect on lipid peroxidation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Monocyte tissue factor-like activity in post myocardial infarction patients.

It is widely recognized that thrombosis is the major event in the evolution of stable vascular disease to unstable ischaemic syndromes including myocardial infarction and stroke. The purpose of this case-control study was to establish clinical and laboratory data on the possible relationship between specific components of the haemostatic system and coronary heart disease. The procoagulant activity (PCA) of peripheral monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils was assessed in 21 males who had suffered a myocardial infarction (MI) and in age-matched controls. In addition, total factor VII activity, fibrinogen, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). D-dimers, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and full blood counts were measured. Post MI patients had significantly higher monocyte PCA, higher plasma concentrations of TFPI, fibrinogen, t-PA, T/P100 and also higher total white blood cell and neutrophil counts compared to age-matched controls. This elevated procoagulant state in post MI patients could further exacerbate the disease process and increase the risk of subsequent acute ischaemic events.

Blood Cell Count↗