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Biomedical subjects

J M Vignaud

Publications and source records attributed to J M Vignaud.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Presence of platelet-derived growth factor in normal and fibrotic lung is specifically associated with interstitial macrophages, while both interstitial macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells express the c-sis proto-oncogene.

Normal lung structure is maintained by the presence of mesenchymal cells and their extracellular matrix products. The slow normal turnover of these cells is disrupted in fibrotic disorders, resulting in the in situ accumulation of mesenchymal cells and their extracellular matrix leading to a progressive alveolar wall thickening. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fibrotic disorder of the lung characterized by a diffuse interstitial and intra-alveolar inflammation dominated by macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Evaluation of alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage has previously shown that AM from normal individuals spontaneously release small amounts of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a chemotactic and growth factor for mesenchymal cells, whereas AM from IPF patients spontaneously release increased amounts of biologically active PDGF, suggesting its involvement in mesenchymal cell accumulation. However, other cells such as endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells can also release PDGF in vitro. In order to specify PDGF location in lung parenchyma, open lung biopsies from normal individuals and IPF patients were examined by immunohistochemistry using an anti-PDGF antibody and by in situ hybridization using PDGF A-chain and B-chain gene probes. In normal as well as in fibrotic lung, PDGF was only present in relation with interstitial macrophages but not with any other inflammatory cells or mesenchymal cells. Furthermore, the percentage of PDGF-positive macrophages in IPF was 3-fold increased in comparison to normal lung. In addition, the percentage of PDGF-positive macrophages was the same in fibrotic and nonfibrotic areas of IPF lungs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Experimental emphysema following intravenous injection of trypsin].

The injection of trypsin provokes a decrease of the circulating antiproteases. Its effect on an elastase-induced emphysema is negligible. Paradoxically, emphysema is quantitatively demonstrated in rats treated with trypsin alone: an influx of polymorphonuclear leucocytes into the lung is observed during the acute phase of experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[In situ hybridization: principles, methods and applications].

In situ hybridization is used to localize DNA or RNA sequences in tissue sections, single cells or chromosome preparations. The preparation and labeling of probes and the main steps of the technique are described and discussed together with its main applications.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1987

About one case of vertebral chondroblastoma.

The authors report the case of a 9-year-old child which suffered from a chondroblastoma of the cervical spine. He had clinical signs of superior mediastinum compression with inflammation of the respiratory upper air-way. Surgery was performed. Diagnosis was established by the pathologist. The recurrence one year later was treated again by surgery and also by radiotherapy. Another recurrence four years later was fatal. The difficulties of the diagnosis and the appearance of recurrences in some cases of chondroblastoma are reviewed in the literature.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1987

[Histo-immunolocalization of human and murine type I and III collagens in human cancers grafted to congenital athymic mice].

Seven human carcinomas and five sarcomas are microsurgically grafted to the nude mouse. We demonstrate with antibodies to human and murin Type I and III collagens that the capsule of the grafted human tumors and the intratumoral perivascular collagen are always of murin origin. Mouse Type I and III collagens take progressively the place of their human counterparts in the extracellular matrix of carcinoma. In contrast the intratumoral collagens of sarcomas are ever of human nature. The murin collagen, probably induced by the tumors, is perhaps one of the factors which prevents in the nude mouse the metastasis of the human grafted tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Epidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal sac after acute post-traumatic dacryocystitis].

A 58 year old man underwent a facial trauma and developed, after several months, an acute dacryocystitis. A DCR procedure was performed but a pericystitis pursued its course for 6 years though a good patency of the lacrimal flow. The patient was reviewed with deep, large, solid and painless mass. A pathological examination showed a squamous cells carcinoma scattered around the lacrimal sac and through the previous DCR. An enlarged exenteration was performed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[X-ray computed tomography and synovial chondrometaplasia].

Scanography allows diagnosis of radiotransparent intra-articular foreign bodies and establishment of their synovial origin, sometimes even in the absence of joint opacification. It provides an overall assessment of the joint that can be improved by arthrography. Clinical and standard radiologic pictures of primary synovial chondrometaplasia (synovial osteochondromatosis) and intra-articular foreign bodies can cause confusion if the latter are modified by secondary chondrometaplasia. Scanographic analysis of islets of chondrometaplasia suggests their primary nature in the presence of plaques of calcification of a small size, of low density and diffused throughout the image while peripheral, lamellar, dense calcifications are suggestive of secondary lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Behaviour of thyroid tissue from patients with Graves' disease in nude mice.

Thyroid tissue from five patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease was transplanted into nu/nu mice (2 to 4 mice per thyroid) in order to assess whether the tissues would remain hyperfunctional. Before surgery, the patients received only propranolol and iodine for ten days. Transplants were removed from the mice after 10, 20, 30 or 57 days, and compared to the initial tissue, as well as toxic nodules from two patients and thyroid tissue from two normal subjects grafted similarly. All transplants survived, as proven by histology and autohistoradiography with 131I uptake, while all signs of hyperfunction and dysimmunity disappeared. Conversely, both transplanted toxic nodules remained hyperfunctional. These results indicate that, in spite of the in situ presence of most factors of auto-immune reactions, thyroid tissue from patients with Graves' disease is not autonomous and depends on the extra-thyroid environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Transplantation of human hyperthyroid tissue to the nude mouse. An experimental model.

This study analyzes the outcome of human normal and hyperfunctioning thyroid tissue transplanted to the nude mouse. Thyroid fragments from 7 patients with Graves' disease were transplanted to nude mice (nu/nu). Before surgery, the patients had been treated with propranolol and iodine; none had received antithyroid therapy. The transplants were removed on the 12th day following transplantation and were studied by light microscopy and autohistoradiography. At this time, all immunologic disorders found on the operative samples had disappeared, and the tissue had lost its hyperfunctioning characteristics. In contrast, transplants from toxic adenoma remained hyperfunctioning, with elevated serum T3 and T4 levels. Similarly, transplants from normal thyroid tissue remained unchanged, and serum T3 and T4 levels remained within the normal range, as if under the influence of the hypothalamic and pituitary regulation of the mice. These findings emphasize the role of the extrathyroid immunologic environment in the regulation of Graves' disease, whereas toxic adenoma remains autonomous.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

[Biopsy of the rectal mucosa in pediatric surgery. Technic--diagnostic value. Apropos of 193 biopsies].

193 series of punch biopsy of the rectal mucosa for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease using the histochemical method are reported. These biopsies concern 176 children from 4 days to twelve years old. The authors insist on the simplicity of the method which requires few equipment: nasal speculum and biopsy forceps. The pieces are carried fresh to the laboratory and treated immediately. The method uses the medium described by Karnovsky and Roots but enzymatic inhibitor of the non selective esterase activity is not used. This shortens the time of the manipulation to about 1 h 30 and limits its cost and toxicity. Three histologists have studied the slides without knowing the clinical facts. Of 36 children suffering from a Hirschsprung's disease all presented a mucosal AChE increased activity, 28 times at once, 8 times after further biopsies. In four patients there was an inadequate biopsy at the beginning of the experience, the other four were very young (less than 1 month). The biopsy was negative at the beginning but it became positive when the patients were about aged 3 months. In the 138 children not suffering of a Hirschsprung's disease, 2 had a AChE increased activity, One is a children suffering from a severe ganglionic displasia obvious on the surgical piece, the other is a colonic mucosal neuromatosis. So, the authors confirm the reliability of the simplified method which required an unsophisticated equipment and whose technique is faster looking for mucosal AChE increased activity and not for the ganglionic cells of the sub-mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of tinea microsporum. Metabolic interference between phenobarbital and griseofulvin].

Two epileptic children treated with phenobarbital and suffering from tinea capitis, not responding to a long lasting treatment with Griseofulvin, healed only after phenobarbital has been discontinued. We ascribe our therapeutic problems to the metabolic interference of Griseofulvin with phenobarbital. We have measured the blood concentration of Griseofulvin several times in one of our 2 children and in a control of the same age living in the same dietary conditions and in the same conditions of Griseofulvin intake; these measurements confirm these data. The point of interest of this report is to draw attention on: -the pharmacologic hypotheses put forward to explain this drug interference, -the other factors of a bad therapeutic response to a treatment with Griseofulvin.

Child↗