Biomedical subjects

J M Tanner

Publications and source records attributed to J M Tanner.

129 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

The growth and development of the Annals of Human Biology: a 25-year retrospective.

The history of the founding in 1958 of the Society for the Study of Human Biology is outlined, and the circumstances in which the Annals of Human Biology began publication in 1974. The contents of the papers published 1974-1997 are reviewed; about 40% concern Population Biology, 40% Auxology and 20% Population Physiology. Some outstanding contributions in the first two of these fields are mentioned. Many consist of groups of papers from an ongoing study: 11 papers from the Otmoor villages study by Harrison and colleagues, and 11 concerning the growth of children in the Zurich Longitudinal Study, by Gasser and colleagues. Papers concerning the analysis of growth data and modelling of the growth curve, especially by Healy, are noted, and papers giving evidence of mini-spurts in growth and the saltation-stasis growth model are recalled. Wilson's papers on catch-up and growth regulation in twins are reviewed; also the contribution to growth-as-a-mirror of social conditions by workers at the Stockholm Institute of Education. The National Study of Health and Growth, led by Rona, contributed 13 papers over 14 years to the Annals, and there were outstanding one-off papers from the National Child Development Study, and the Cuban National Growth Study of 1972, and concerning the secular trend towards greater leg length in Japan, the upward social mobility of the taller of pairs of brothers, the growth of 18th century children in Vienna and Stuttgart and the measurements of 19th century slaves in the USA.

Biology↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Automatic bone age measurement using computerized image analysis.

In 1992 we described a computer-assisted method for assigning Tanner-Whitehouse RUS skeletal maturity scores to hand-wrist radiographs. An operator positions each epiphysis in turn beneath a video camera, views the image on the computer screen and corrects the position of the radiograph by matching to templates of the TW stages displayed on the screen. The process is then automatic; the computer, not the operator, rates the bone. The image is digitized and then represented by a large number of mathematical coefficients. These coefficients are then compared to those generated by each stage of the TW standards, and the closest match is sought. Since the comparison is quantitative the system produces continuous stage scores instead of the old discrete ones such as B, C, D, etc. Thus in longitudinal data a much smoother progression of skeletal maturity scores with age is achieved. The reliability of the computer-assisted skeletal age score (CASAS) is considerably greater than that of the usual manual method. Differences between duplicate readings of a bone by a single observer average about 0.25 stage, and reach 1.0 stage or more only in about 3% of instances, compared with 15-20% characteristic of manual ratings.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cell analysis with the new Leipzig high-energy ion nanoprobe.

The high-energy ion nanoprobe LIPSION at the University of Leipzig has been in operation since 1998. The ultrastable, 3.5 MV SINLETRON accelerator supplies the H+ or He+ ion beam. A magnetic scanning system moves the focused beam across the sample. At present, a resolution of 41 +/- 4 nm in the low current mode and 300 nm at 5 pA can be achieved. The experimental chamber is equipped with electron-, energy dispersive X-ray-, and particle detectors. They can be used simultaneously to analyse the sample by means of PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission), RBS (Rutherford backscattering), and in the case of thin sections or monolayer samples STIM (scanning transmission ion microscopy). A goniometer allows the application of channeling measurements in single crystals in combination with these methods. In contrast to previous publication describing microbeam facility at LIPSION, the current biomedical research has concentrated on microscopy and tomography on chondrocytes in pig cartilages and fixed single endothelial cells (HUVEC). For the irradiation of single living cells, an external beam facility with irradiation platform, fast beamgate and mini-Petri dishes is under construction.

Animals↗