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Biomedical subjects

J M Stanhope

Publications and source records attributed to J M Stanhope.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Serum levels of immunoglobulins A, G and M in New Zealand and Tokelauan children.

Serum levels of immunoglobulins A, G and M are described in a group of New Zealand (NZ) children of European descent. These findings are used as reference standards for three groups of Tokelauan children, atoll residents, migrants in NZ, and NZ-born Tokelauan children. All three Tokelauan groups had high levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM. Breast feeding was diminished and morbidity was higher in the NZ-born group. The IgG level was negatively correlated with duration of breast feeding in this group. In the atoll group IgG was related to present illness but no other consistent relationships were found between present illness status and the immunoglobulin levels. It remains unclear whether the high Tokelauan immunoglobulin levels are genetically or environmentally determined.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1977

High-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and other serum lipids in a New Zealand biracial adolescent sample. The Wairoa College survey.

Among New Zealand adolescents, Maoris have lower serum high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels and higher serum triglyceride levels than non-Maoris. Boys have lower high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels than girls. Low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels do not show sex/race differences. These findings are reflected in an excess of hyperlipidaemia type IV in Maori girls. There may be a relation between these lipid distributions and the excess Maori mortality, especially among females, from ischaemic heart-disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Delayed culture of group-A streptococci: an evaluation of variables in methods of examining throat swabs.

We studied the effects on the frequency of isolation of group-A streptococci from throat swabs of school children on three varibles: (1) plating the cultures within 4 h of collecting the swabs or after storage for 4 days at room temperature; (2) using a plain or a serum-coated cotton swab; and (3) including silica gel in the swab tube or omitting this. Under the conditions of our experiment, only delayed plating of the swab gave a statistically significant advantage. When the delayed-isolation technique was used, neither the swab type nor the presence or absence of silica gel significantly influenced the result. The least advantageous combination of variables was: plating within 4 h, a plain swab, and the absence of silica gel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Deep vein thrombosis after femoropopliteal bypass grafting with observations on the incidence of complications following the use of dextran 70.

Radiological thrombosis was demonstrated on six occasions in the leg veins in 66 patients following the placement of 71 femoropopliteal bypass grafts. All patients received dextran 70 as prophylaxis postoperatively. The incidence was similar for grafts with the lower anastomosis either above or below the knee joint. No predisposing factors to venous thrombosis were apparent other than blood dyscrasias. A further group of patients who had arterial reconstructive procedures were examined to determine the incidence of the complications of bleeding and heart failure which might be attributed to the routine use of dextran 70. The incidence of complications in this larger group indicates that the routine use of dextran 70 is not a significant factor in their occurrence in the postoperative period.

Dextrans↗
PubMed1976

Rheumatic fever in New Zealand: the Waiora College survey design and response rate.

The outline organisation of a health survey of a secondary school is presented. The aims of the survey were primarilary to provide population data on rheumatic fever in a high incidence area, and to further knowledge of the distribution of risk factors for coronary heart disease in New Zealand adolescents. Ninety-six and a half percent coverage of the target group was achieved; non-responders were characterised from hospital and school records as being predominantly rural with greater early childhood hospital experience than respondents. The sample was considered to be representative of the adolescent population of the area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Some health indicators in New Zealand adolescents: The Rotorua Lakes Study 5.

This paper describes and compares health indicators in Maori and European adolescents attending a coeducational secondary school in New Zealand. No important differences were found in certain urinary constituents, haemoglobin or packed cell volume, fasting plasma glucose, serum urea nitrogen, pulse rate, age of menarche, hospital experience or tuberculin test-BCG status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The Tokelau Island migrant study: prevalence of various conditions before migration.

The Tokelau Island Migrant Study has shown no important differences between those who subsequently left their home islands to migrate to New Zealand and those who remained, in key anthropometric and biochemical variables already reported. This comparison is now extended to various common diseases and conditions, and again no major difference emerges. The Tokelauans are compared with other Polynesians and shown to have less diabetes, hypertension, effort pain, chronic bronchitis and varicose veins than New Zealand Maoris, while resembling some Cook Island groups. Changes in prevalences of some conditions following migration are postulated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Coronary risk factors in New Zealand Maori and European adolescents: The Rotoua Lakes Study 2.

A survey if 298 adolescents was carried out by questionnaire, medical examination, anthropometric and biochemical methods, to determine the prevalence of risk factors for coronary heart disease particularly those that might explain the known difference in atherosclerotic mortality between European and Maori women. Data on blood pressure, obesity and serum lipids are presented here, and are discussed together with smoking and serum uric acid. Obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia, smoking and hyperuricaemia all contributed to a higher coronary risk status for Maori subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

New Zealand trends in rheumatic fever: 1885-1971.

National statistics of rheumatic fever in New Zealand show falling mortality over the past 30 years. However, morbidity remains high, especially among Maori children. Community-based studies are under way to elucidate this important public health problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Smoking behaviour and respiratory health in teenage sample: the rotorua lakes study, 1.

A survey in a New Zealand high school compared boys and girls, Maori and European, aged 13 to 15 years, and found differences in smoking habits. Smoking was most prevalent in Maori students of both sexes, and least in European girls, who appeared to be most influenced by home factors such as father's occupational status and older siblings' habits. Maori students and European boys showed relationships rather to the habits of the peer group. Findings were comparable with earlier studies suggesting little secular change in the smoking habits of this age group. Current smokers in all sex/race groups had higher current respiratory morbidity scores than non-smokers and ex-smokers, and smoking partly accounted for racial differences in morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Varicose veins in a population of lowland New Guinea.

A survey of varicose veins in a rural area of northern New Guinea showed a very low prevalence in women (0-1 percent in females aged 20 and over) and a modest prevalence in men (5-1 per cent in the same age range). The people lacked factors of diet, body bulk and tight clothing that have been postulated to be important in other populations. Multi-parity, leg trauma and heavy lifting were present but did not accord with the sex difference in prevalence. Sitting habits may be important in the aetiology of varicose veins in this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Uric acid, joint morbidity, and streptococcal antibodies in Maori and European teenagers. Rotorua Lakes study 3.

Two hundred and ninety-four New Zealand secondary school students were examined by questionnaire, and physical and biochemical methods. The sample contained almost equal numbers of Maoris and Europeans. The findings related to joint conditions are presented. Past injury and rheumatic disease accounted for some of the reported morbidity, but no important sex or race differences in these factors emerged. There were, however, significant differences in serum uric acid levels with the Maori having higher levels than the Europeans. A significant correlation with body mass was present in both race and sex groups but a correlation with haemoglobin was present only in the European females. While hyperuricaemia was not associated with morbidity in this young sample, ethnic differences anticipated the higher prevalence of gout already observed in Maori men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Anaemia in the lower Ramu area.

The difficulty of defining anemia by haemoglobin concentration level arises from the continuous nature of the underlying distribution. Elwood's view that 7-8 gms/100 ml is a resonable criterion level accords with the data provided from a limited survey in the lower Ramu area. In the same area, there has been a decline in prevalence of clinical anaemia 1962-72 attributed to increased usage of treatment facilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Patterns of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinsonism-Dementia on Guam.

The striking concentration of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonismdementia (PD) among the Chamorro people of Guam has attracted attention since the early 1950's. Extensive studies conducted over the past 20 years have not revealed the causes of these diseases and the reasons for their remarkable concentrations on Guam. Approximately 1 in 10 Guamanian deaths over age 25 is from ALS, and another 1 in 10 is from PD. ALS still occurs approximately 50 times more frequently on Guam than in the continental United States. Advances in virologic and biochemical techniques, and long years of study, appear to be leading us to a point where some of the problems will be resolved. We shall attempt to review the pertinent background information and summarize the data and observations up to the present time.

Adult↗