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Biomedical subjects

J M Segrestaa

Publications and source records attributed to J M Segrestaa.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Prevention of gastroduodenal lesions induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Economic analysis from a survey of 356 physicians].

In order to obtain information on prescribing habits concerning the prevention of gastroduodenal lesions induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAI), 356 physicians practicing in 2 French departments were asked to fill a posted questionnaire. Fifty-one percent of these doctors gave an assessable answer. Among these, 84 percent occasionally prescribe "gastric protectors" associated with NSAI's in 32 percent of the prescriptions. They use antacids (48 percent), anti-H2 products (27 percent), sucralfate (11 percent) or prostaglandins (13 percent). This represents a daily cost of additional treatment ranging from 0.87 to 2.49 francs. If fibroscopies and further consultations necessitated by the prescription of NSAI's are taken into account, then 86 to 140 percent must be added to the cost of NSAI's. The profitability of these preventive measures in terms of public health will be really estimated only when the number of severe gastroduodenal lesions effectively prevented by taking topical gastric protectors or anti-secretory agents will be known.

Antacids↗
PubMed1992

Endoscopic evaluation of the effect of ketoprofen, ibuprofen and aspirin on the gastroduodenal mucosa.

Endoscopic lesions of the gastric mucosa were evaluated in 12 healthy volunteers after administration of single doses of ketoprofen (25 mg), ibuprofen (200 mg) and aspirin (500 mg) in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. The grades of the lesions (according to Lanza's scale) were lower after the administration of ketoprofen than aspirin and were comparable to ibuprofen. An endoscopic score greater than 1 was observed in 3 cases after ibuprofen or ketoprofen, and in 8 cases after aspirin. At a time when low, single doses of NSAIDs are widely used as analgesics, gastroscopy makes it possible directly to assess the local aggressivity of these molecules. In this way it was possible to demonstrate that the local toxicity of NSAIDs was lower than that of aspirin.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Protection against aspirin-induced gastric lesions by lansoprazole: simultaneous evaluation of functional and morphologic responses.

The protective effect of lansoprazole, a new proton pump inhibitor, against aspirin-induced gastric lesions was studied in a double-blind crossover trial with a simultaneous measure of the functional capacities of the mucosal barrier (by a recording of the gastric potential difference) and of the morphologic changes in the mucosa (by gastric endoscopy). After 1 week of treatment with lansoprazole (30 mg per day) or placebo, each healthy volunteer received 1 gm aspirin by mouth. Recording of the gastric potential difference lasted for 3 hours and was followed by gastric endoscopy. Morphologic lesions induced by aspirin were effectively prevented by lansoprazole: Lanza score was 0.67 +/- 0.98 (mean +/- SD) versus 2.25 +/- 1.1 with placebo (p < 0.005, ANOVA). Conversely, the decrease in the gastric potential difference was similar. The inhibition of acid secretion induced by lansoprazole was therefore sufficient to prevent aspirin-induced mucosal lesions without reinforcing the defense capacities of the mucosa. This simple pharmacologic model makes it possible to simultaneously evaluate the functional and morphologic effects of aspirin intake on the gastric mucosa.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1992

Correlation between echographic gastric emptying and appetite: influence of psyllium.

The correlation between ultrasonographic gastric emptying and appetite was studied. Echographic evaluation of gastric emptying by measurement of the antral vertical diameter and assessment of sensations of hunger and satiety using analogue visual scales were performed simultaneously in 12 healthy volunteers. Measurements were carried out after the intake of 10.8 g psyllium or placebo in a randomised, crossover, double blind trial. The correlation between echographic gastric emptying and sensations of hunger and satiety was excellent (p < 0.001) after the intake of either psyllium or placebo. Psyllium significantly delayed gastric emptying from the third hour after a meal. It increased the sensation of satiety and decreased hunger at the sixth hour after the meal. The association between echographic measurement and visual scales is a simple method of evaluating the relationship between the stomach and appetite. The pharmacodynamic effect of psyllium should be confirmed by longterm therapeutic trials.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effect of psychological stress on gastric potential difference in man.

This study investigated the effect of three different mental stress tests on gastric transmucosal electric potential difference (GPD). GPD measurement was carried out in six healthy volunteers using the agar-KCl bridges method during dichotomous listening, the ringing of a telephone and 90 dB noise. Cardiac, pulmonary and psychological responses to stress were evaluated at the same time. During the stress period, two of the subjects had no change in GPD as well as no extragastric modification due to the stressor. The four other volunteers had a significant stress-induced fall in GPD (12.5 + 5.6 mV) with a simultaneous acceleration of heart and respiration rates and an increase in systolic blood pressure and anxiety feelings which were evaluated on a visual scale. Such mental stress, possibly mediated by autonomous nervous system, may cause some gastric mucosa changes inducing the retrodiffusion of H+ ions and a fall in GPD. This model could be useful in therapeutic research into the prevention and treatment of stress-induced gastric lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Protective effect of misoprostol on the changes of transgastric potential difference induced by aspirin in man].

The measurement of transgastric electric potential difference (DDP) is an easy and reproducible method for evaluation of the gastrotoxicity of aspirin. This randomised crossover placebo-controlled trial in 12 healthy volunteers involved study of the protective effect of misoprostol (Cytotec) against the fall in DDP induced by a gram of aspirin. One day of treatment with misoprostol 200 micrograms morning and evening led to a statistically lower fall in DDP than with the placebo: area under the curve 130 +/- 315 mV.min cf. 589 +/- 465 mV.min (p = 0.012), maximum variation 11.4 +/- 11.3 mV cf. 24.9 +/- 13.2 mV (p = 0.04). This result independent of the antisecretory action of the compound, confirms the protective effect of this prostaglandin analogue against the gastric damage caused by aspirin.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Current data on prolactin].

Prolactin has been lately singled-out among the pituitary hormones, and as such the object of considerable research in the past 15 years. The frequency of prolactin secreting adenomes is established now. The responsibility of iatrogenic factors (neuroleptics, oral contraceptives) in some hyperprolactinaemias is a known fact. The study of the inhibiting dopaminergic system was a landmark in the treatment of hyperprolactinaemia. During the recent Nice Congress, some issues remained unsettled on the physiological activities of prolactin. The matter is clearer when it comes to prolactin secretion. In equilibrium between inhibiting and stimulant factors, the secretion is controlled by the CNS, influenced by the hormonal environment, and its timing is the object of a retrocontrol. This is a very instructive pattern in endocrinology.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Current data on growth hormone].

The present concept of growth hormone is not that of an isolated hormone. Growth hormone is closely related to all other parts of system. Chemically, it belongs of to a family of 3 hormones, with prolactin and human placental lactogen. This chemical relationship produces some similar effects. Physiologically, it belongs to a series of hormonal secretions of which the elements are gradually recognized. Above, it is under the control of a releasing factor, still not identified : somatostatin which is an inhibiting factor, tetradecapeptide recently isolated ; below, the majority of the totality of its actions are developped through another hormone, or group of hormones : somatomedine. Present work on this endocrine system suggests new therapeutic prospects.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Advances on prolactin (author's transl)].

Prolactin has been lately singled-out among the pituitary hormones, and as such the object of considerable research in the past 15 years. The frequency of prolactin secreting adenomes is established now. The responsability of iatrogenic factors (neuroleptics, oral contraceptives) in some hyperprolactineamias is a known fact. The study of the inhibiting dopaminergic system was a landmark in the treatment of hyperprolactinaemia. During the recent Nice Congress, some issues remained unsettled on the physiological activities of prolactin. The matter is clearer when its comes to prolactin secretion. In equilibrium between inhibiting and stimulant factors, the secretion is controlled by the CNS, influenced by the hormonal environment, and its timing is the object of a retrocontrol. This is a very instructive pattern in endocrinology.

Adrenal Glands↗