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J M Santos Lozano

Publications and source records attributed to J M Santos Lozano.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Efficacy of educational sessions to modify the prescription of new drugs].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of an educational intervention to minimise the prescription of those new medicines whose therapeutic effects are of little benefit. DESIGN: Controlled and randomised experimental study. SETTING: 27 health centres in the province of Sevilla, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 376 general practitioners. The 264 who worked in the same posts were randomised for the 6 pre-intervention months. 10 of them did not complete the post-intervention period. INTERVENTIONS: Four 45-minute training sessions in a 2-month period, given by health team doctors, with a critical reading of the studies available on recently marketed drugs, plus personal feed-back on prescription and bulletins on therapeutic novelties. The control group received only the feed-back and bulletins. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Prescription of new medication of little benefit, measured as the number of packages out of the total. Second, the amount of coxib and eprosartan measured as defined daily doses. RESULTS: In the 6 months after the educational sessions, the doctors in the intervention group prescribed proportionately fewer therapeutic novelties of little benefit than those allocated to the control group (1.34% vs 1.62%; P<.001). The coxib and eprosartan prescribed showed only a non-significant trend towards less prescription by the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: The group educational sessions, run by doctors trained in aspects of evidence-based medicine and prepared jointly with the pharmacy unit, reduced discreetly the prescription of new medicines that were not very innovative.

Drug Prescriptions↗
PubMed2003

[Dietary habits of the population of an urban health district].

OBJECTIVE: To find the eating habits of the adult population of an urban health district. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING: Primary care. Urban health centre. PARTICIPANTS: 260 people (124 men and 136 women) over 20 (mean age of 43.6 +/- 17.1; 42.0 +/- 16.4 for men and 45.1 +/- 17.7 for women), selected at random from among those living in the health district. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Through a semi-quantitative questionnaire on frequencies of food consumption, filled out in all cases by a single observer, the food habits of the participants and the nature of their diet during the previous week were determined. Intake of calories and biomolecules were calculated as a function of the kind of foods. RESULTS: Mean daily calory intake was 2612 +/- 836 kcal, 22.5% more than the theoretical requirements of this population. Mean daily protein ingested was 96.4 +/- 28 grams, fats 130.2 +/- 42.7 grams, and carbohydrates 277.1 +/- 123.3. 21.5 +/- 5.5% of the total calory intake were monounsaturated fatty acids; 7.7 +/- 4.3% were polyunsaturated; and 13 +/- 2.9% were saturated. Cholesterol consumption was 475 +/- 213.8 mg/day, and roughage consumed was 18.6 +/- 8.0 grams. CONCLUSIONS: The adult population of our health district consumed the typical, not very healthy Western-style diet: over-rich in calories, rich in saturated fats and cholesterol, and poor in roughage. Nevertheless, the diet conserved the high intake of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids which is characteristic of traditional Mediterranean food.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[An alternative method for the diagnosis of an anterosuperior hemiblock].

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a rapid method for diagnosing superior anterior hemiblock, comparing it with the system seen as standard. DESIGN: Comparison study of two diagnostic tests. SETTING: Urban health centre. PARTICIPANTS: Adult population with prior diagnosis of superior anterior hemiblock included in a computer file of clinical records. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The presence or otherwise of superior anterior hemiblock was found by applying the standard criteria for electrocardiograms contained in the clinical records of the participating patients. The proposed test was then applied by finding the precise cardiac axis and the confirmation or rejection of the diagnosis of superior anterior hemiblock. Out of the 121 histories analysed, 40 had superior anterior hemiblock according to the standard criteria, and 81 did not. The system proposed detected 38 of the 40 hemiblock cases, 95% sensitivity, and rejected as normal 76 of the 81 electrocardiograms without superior anterior hemiblock according to the standard pattern, specificity of 93.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Superior anterior hemiblock can be diagnosed by an alternative method which was quicker than the standard pattern, so markedly simplifying the analysis of this feature of the electrocardiogram.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[An evaluation of the Spacelabs 90207 model of the ambulatory arterial pressure monitoring system].

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to validate the SpaceLabs 90207 apparatus used in non-invasive outpatient monitoring of blood pressure. METHODS: The measurements of blood pressure (BP) and cardiac frequency (CF) obtained with the SpaceLabs monitor were compared with those obtained with a mercury sphygmomanometer used as the reference method in 86 patients with a wide range of ages and BP. The differences between both methods of measurement were quantified by a previously protocolized grade system from the British Hypertension Society (BHS). RESULTS: The mean of the differences between both systems of reading was 1.59 +/- 5.9 mmHg for systolic BP (SBP) 1.05 +/- 4.4 mmHg for diastolic BP (DBP) and -0.64 +/- 2.55 beats per minute for the CF. The accumulated percentage of differences of BP less than or equal to 5, 10 and 15 mmHg was of 74, 89 and 96%, respectively corresponding to grade B according to the validation protocol of the BHS. Grade B was obtained in all the interval differences of BP except within the range of DBP greater than or equal to 100 mmHg which showed grade A. Grades A or B were obtained in all the age groups except for grade C in the SBP of subjects over the age of 65. CONCLUSIONS: The SpaceLabs 90207 monitor satisfies the criteria of internationally accepted validation criteria, therefore, its use can be recommended for the outpatient blood pressure measurement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: serologic study of a family outbreak in primary care].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical-radiological, epidemiological, therapeutic and evolutive characteristics of an outbreak of atypical Pneumonia in a family, which was serologically diagnosed by means of the technique of complement fixation of Pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma. DESIGN: A descriptive study. SETTING: An urban Health Centre. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A family of 7 members, consisting of father, mother and five children. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Three presented Pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, with the other family members remaining asymptomatic and serologically negative. The three cases evolved until cure. Treatment was with Macrolides in two of the cases and Penicillin in the other. Clinical-radiological dissociation existed in two of the patients. 33% had a secondary attack. CONCLUSION: The accessibility of Primary Care to microserological methods, together with the greater ease with which this level of Care can reach the family environment, allows for more precise knowledge of infectious epidemic outbreaks which occur in the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of a tuberculosis program on the decrease of annual risk of infection].

The objective of this paper is to inform about the experience obtained in the development of a tuberculosis programme in a Health Centre over a two year period: from November 1985 to November 1987. 147 families were researched, the total number of persons researched being 755; 74 of them received primary chemoprophylaxis, and 244 of them received secondary chemoprophylaxis. The number of persons given treatment was 38. The prevalence shown in 6.5 year old age group went from 3% in 1985 to 1.3% in 1987, calculating the AIR (Annual Infection Risk) at 0.19 and a drop in the AIR of 45%. Most notable in the discussion is the importance of the annual tuberculin screening of school children in their first year of Basic Education. The results are analysed, and those causes which may distort the results are eliminated and then they are compared with those obtained from other studies. The conclusion can be made, on the basis of the results obtained, that the implementation of the programme has had a significant influence on the decline in the prevalence of infection and in the Annual Infection Risk.

Child↗