Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J M Sanders

Publications and source records attributed to J M Sanders.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Dentists' professional satisfaction with adolescent dentistry and its association with adolescent dental health behavior.

This study examines dentists' perceptions of behaviors felt to interfere with providing adequate dental care to adolescents. We analyzed gender differences, and whether the dentists' perceptions of adolescent patients were associated with their professional satisfaction. A stratified random sample of 227 graduates (males = 180, females = 47) from a Southern dental school were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing professional satisfaction. Based on Kruskall-Wallis analysis of variance tests, female dentists expressed generally higher levels of satisfaction than males with adolescent dentistry, diagnosis and treatment planning, patient education, preventive procedures, and the adolescent dentistry curricula during dental school. Male dentists felt that the male adolescents' failure to keep appointments, communication problems, seeking dental care only in emergency situations, and resentment of authority interfered more with their providing adequate dental care than did female dentists. Male dentists also felt that the female patients' menstrual period, communication problems, low tolerance of pain, seeking dental care only in emergency situations, and resentment toward authority were more significant problems than did the female dentists. Communication problems with both male and female adolescents were more strongly correlated with the dentists' satisfaction with adolescent dentistry than any other variable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Pediatricians' use of chaperones when performing gynecologic examinations on adolescent females.

This study assesses the influence of the interest and skill in adolescent health care on a pediatrician's use of a chaperone during the pelvic examination. A national sample of 558 pediatricians selected at random and 384 members of the American Academy of Pediatrics' Section on Adolescent Health (SAH) completed questionnaires assessing their perceived skills in and practice of adolescent medicine. Some 90.4% of the non-SAH males and 31.0% non-SAH females always used a chaperone compared to 69.4% of SAH males and 12.5% of SAH females (p less than or equal to 0.05). The actual frequency of chaperone use was less among SAH members than non-SAH pediatricians (p less than or equal to 0.013) and less among females in both groups (p less than or equal to 0.0001). Among male physicians, the variables found to have the strongest association with a less frequent use of chaperones included the frequency that oral contraceptives were prescribed, perceived skill in providing contraceptive counseling, percent of adolescents in the pediatrician's practice, and the frequency with which confidential services were provided. These correlations were stronger among SAH members than non-SAH pediatricians. Among female SAH members, not using a chaperone was associated with a higher perceived skill in managing sexually transmitted diseases, the frequency with which they performed pelvic examinations, and the percent of adolescents in their practice. Among non-SAH female physicians, the perceived skill to perform a pelvic examination and provide contraceptive counseling were associated with increased chaperone use. These data suggest that many factors other than gender and medicolegal influences are associated with the physician's decision concerning the use of a chaperone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Complementary DNA for the folate binding protein correctly predicts anchoring to the membrane by glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol.

Membrane bound and soluble forms of a high-affinity folate binding protein have been found in kidney, placenta, serum, milk, and in several cell lines. The two forms have similar binding characteristics for folates, are immunologically cross-reactive and based upon limited amino acid sequence data, are nearly identical. Based upon pulse-chase experiments, a precursor-product relationship has been suggested. The membrane form has been shown to mediate the transport of folate in cells grown in physiological concentrations of folate. A function for the soluble form has not yet been identified. We constructed a cDNA library from a human carcinoma cell line, Caco-2, which expresses the membrane form abundantly. The library was screened and a near full-length cDNA for the folate binder was isolated. Transfection of COS cells with the cDNA inserted in an expression vector resulted in marked overexpression of a membrane-associated folate binder as assessed by direct binding of radiolabeled folate and by indirect immunofluorescence. The deduced amino acid sequence is not consistent with a typical membrane spanning domain but rather with a signal for anchoring via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol linkage. Release of the binder with a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C strongly supports this hypothesis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Analysis of glutathione conjugates and related compounds by thermospray mass spectrometry.

A series of 17 cysteine, N-acetyl cysteine, glutathione, and N-trifluoroacetyl glutathione conjugates have been prepared, and their thermospray (TSP) spectra have been recorded in the positive and negative ion modes. The compounds undergo extensive fragmentation, which primarily occurs at the carbon-sulfur bonds. For most of the compounds, positive ion TSP is more sensitive than negative ion thermospray. Probably due to the thermal lability of these adducts, the quality of the spectra obtained are dependent on source conditions, requiring fine control of the vaporization/desolvation process.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1988

Adolescent females' readiness to participate in sports. Sex and race differences in the preparticipation athletic examination.

With the increasing number of adolescent females participating in organized athletics, there has been concern over their susceptibility to injury during participation. This study assesses whether females differ from males in the severity and frequency of abnormalities on the preparticipation athletic examination (PAE). Standardized PAEs were performed on 1259 high school athletes. Females were found to have significantly less orthopedic problems than males on both the health history and the physical examination. Females were found to have a lower percentage of abnormalities of the hips, knees, and ankles than males. Black males had a significantly higher rate of hip abnormalities than white males, and black females had a higher rate of knee abnormalities than white females. A significantly higher percentage of males than females were referred for further evaluation prior to athletic participation. Although our adolescent females had fewer physical problems on the PAE that might add to their risk of having an athletic injury, the types of problems that were found in our females suggest that they should participate in more aerobic and strength training sessions prior to the sports season.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Analysis of contraceptive behavior of sexually active female adolescents in the United States.

Drawing on a theoretical model of adolescent contraceptive behavior, we examined the relationships between various social and behavioral variables and contraceptive use by sexually active female adolescents. Hypotheses were tested with the use of a national random sample of sexually active female adolescents (n = 1426), aged 15 to 20 years, from Cycle III of the National Survey of Family Growth. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. Noncompliance with the initial birth control method was the strongest predictor of the adolescents' contraceptive behavior at the time of the interview. Not acquiring birth control at the initial family planning visit and the frequency of family planning visits during the previous 12 months were the second and third best predictors of subjects' contraceptive use. Coital frequency and the length of time between first coitus and the initiation of birth control each explained a small amount of additional variation in the regression model. When combined, these five variables explained 40% of the variation in the contraceptive behavior of this representative sample of sexually active female adolescents. The findings could be useful for clinicians in providing more effective birth control counseling to adolescent patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Agonist and antagonist activities of arylpiperazines at human platelet serotonin2 receptors.

A series of arylpiperazines was examined for structure-function relationships at the human platelet serotonin (5-HT) receptor. Amplification of ADP-induced aggregation was used to measure 5-HT receptor activation. The platelet serotonergic agonists 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI), 5-HT and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MeOT) and the antagonist ketanserin were used for comparison of potency and amplitude of response. All arylpiperazines, including the parent compound phenylpiperazine (PP) showed antagonist activity. The monosubstituted phenylpiperazines acted only as antagonists, and electron-withdrawing substituents markedly enhanced activity. Modification of PP by addition of another phenyl ring or benz-fusion also enhanced antagonist activity. Benz-fusion at the b face of PP (1-NP) yielded greater antagonist potency than benz-fusion at the c face (2-NP). The latter modification, however, also conferred a variable agonist activity with a very weak response. In contrast, the heteroaromatic piperazines consistently demonstrated concentration dependent mixed antagonist-agonist activity. These compounds were weak agonists compared with 5-HT, 5-MeOT and DOI, although the amplitude of the quipazine response was similar to DOI. This study demonstrates that the arylpiperazines, which are variably selective for the multiple brain 5-HT receptors, are all antagonists on the platelet 5-HT receptor. The antagonist activity is markedly increased by ring monosubstitution or aryl modification. Compared with the monosubstituted analogues, antagonist activity is decreased by heteroaromatic modification or by the addition of an N-aminophenethyl group to the 4-position nitrogen. Weak agonist activity can be conferred by heteroaromatic modification.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1988

Recommended changes in pediatric education: the impact on pediatrician involvement in health care delivery to adolescents.

In an attempt to examine the extent of implementation of the recommendations issued by the Task Force on Pediatric Education for increased emphasis on adolescent medicine during residency training, pediatricians' perceptions of their skills and abilities to provide health care to adolescents were evaluated. A sample of 558 pediatricians selected at random and 385 members of the American Academy of Pediatrics' Section on Adolescent Health (SAH) completed a 41-item questionnaire. The physicians' perceived levels of skill in ten areas were analyzed while simultaneously assessing the impact of SAH membership, year of graduation from medical school, gender, and percentage of practice time devoted to adolescents on each issue. SAH members, as expected, ranked their levels of skill significantly higher than did the other pediatricians in all areas surveyed. A significant percentage of the SAH pediatricians, however, indicated that their skills were acquired through postresidency fellowship training. There was an increasing trend among all pediatricians in their perceived levels of skill to deliver health care to adolescents during the past several decades, but there has been no appreciable increase in such perceived skill levels since the task force issued its recommendations. In fact, pediatricians graduating from medical school in the decade prior to 1976 who are not SAH members ranked their skills higher than did non-SAH pediatricians who graduated in the past 10 years. These data lead to the conclusion that the recommendations of the Task Force on Pediatric Education have not been adequately implemented.

Adolescent Medicine↗
PubMed1987

Absorption and metabolism of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,4-pentadienal (Spydust).

5-(4-Nitrophenyl)-2,4-pentadienal (NPPD) was recently alleged to have been used as a tracking agent to monitor the activities of U.S. citizens in the Soviet Union. In order to better assess human risk from possible exposure to this compound the absorption and metabolism of [14C]NPPD has been investigated in male F344 rats. These studies have revealed that NPPD was readily and quantitatively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, distributed throughout the tissues, metabolized, and rapidly excreted primarily in urine. NPPD was sparingly absorbed following dermal administration of 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/cm2. The amount absorbed increased as the dose increased but the percentage of the dose absorbed decreased as the dose increased, e.g., 50% (5 of 10 micrograms applied) of the low dose was absorbed but only 5% (50 of 100 micrograms applied) of the high dose was absorbed. The material absorbed after dermal administration was rapidly excreted and the distribution and metabolism of the dermally administered compound was no different from oral administration. A total of five metabolites, 4-nitrocinnamic acid, 4-acetamidobenzoic acid, 4-nitrohippuric acid, 4-acetamidocinnamic acid, and 4-nitrobenzoic acid, were identified by cochromatography with authentic standards and comparison of UV spectra. These metabolites are formed by oxidative metabolism of the pentadienal side chain, reduction of the nitro group, and/or conjugation of the resulting amino group with acetate or carboxylic acid with glycine.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1986

Isolation and characterization of two types of MDCK epithelial cell clones based on glycosphingolipid pattern.

The Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell line was shown previously to be heterogeneous with marked differences reported between low-passage (strain I) and high-passage (strain II) cultures (Richardson, J.C.W., Scalera, V. and Simmons, N.L. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 673, 26-36). This report describes major differences in the glycolipids of the two subpopulations of cells that comprise strain I and strain II cultures. The majority of strain II cells were strongly positive for the Forssman glycolipid antigen, while strain I cells were Forssman-deficient. Upon finding that strain I cells were contaminated with mycoplasma, we rescued Forssman-deficient cells from strain II using an anti-Forssman plus complement lysis procedure. Clones of surviving cells consisted of two distinct cell types. The first were Forssman-deficient, non-ciliated, spindle-shaped cells which generated negative (apical to basolateral) transepithelial potential differences. Clones of the second type were strongly Forssman-positive, ciliated, and formed island-shaped clusters of cuboidal cells. These latter clones generated positive potential differences and grew more slowly than the spindle-shaped clones. Spindle cells were enriched in fucolipids, while cuboidal cells contained higher levels of sulfated glycolipids. These two types of clones should provide excellent model systems in which to study the processing and polarity of glycolipids in epithelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunoassay of tryptase from human mast cells.

A sandwich ELISA was developed for the measurement of tryptase. The assay utilizes the mouse monoclonal anti-tryptase antibody, termed G5 (IgG2b kappa) in the solid phase and monospecific goat IgG anti-tryptase antibody together with tryptase in the fluid phase. The immunoassay will quantify 0.1 ng-5.6 ng of tryptase per 100 microliters of sample solution to within 0.1 ng. Intra-assay coefficients of variation were determined at 0.3 ng, 1.0 ng and 3.0 ng of tryptase per assay, respectively, to be 19%, 7% and 4% with buffer and 10%, 4%, and 4% in the presence of 20% plasma. Inter-assay coefficients of variation at the same respective levels of tryptase were 22%, 18% and 15% with buffer and 18%, 11% and 14% with 20% plasma. Net absorbance values obtained with a standard amount of tryptase in buffer alone and up to 50% (v/v) normal human citrate-treated plasma were within 10% of one another, indicating nearly complete detection of tryptase added to plasma. This represents the first sensitive immunoassay for a preformed mediator specific for human mast cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Driving safety and adolescent behavior.

Accidents, and mainly automotive accidents, are currently the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among young people. Understanding and addressing the issue of automotive accident prevention requires an awareness of the multiple psychodynamic, familial, and societal influences that affect the development and behavior of adolescents. Risk-taking behavior is the product of complex personal and environmental factors. As pediatricians, we have the obligation and the opportunity to improve the safety of our youth who drive and ride. This opportunity is available to us not only in our roles as counselors to youth and families, but also as we serve as role models, educators, and agents for change within our communities.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1982

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: report of a case and review of the literature.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a condition that is well documented as a complication of the latter stages of pregnancy and with an even greater incidence during the puerperium. More recently this entity had been associated with the use of oral contraceptives. A case is presented of a 15-year-old girl with this condition, in whom the occurrence as well as the resolution of a superior sagittal sinus thrombosis was demonstrated with serial computed tomography (CT) scans and radionuclide studies. The discussion of this case, coupled with a review of the literature, describes the clinical presentation, explores the possible etiology, offers a noninvasive technique for confirming the diagnosis, and presents the medical management of this condition. It is postulated that cerebral venous sinus thrombosis occurs with a greater frequency than is currently recognized. Health professionals involved with monitoring the health care of adolescents during pregnancy and in the puerperium should be aware of this potential complications. In addition, association of this condition with oral contraceptive use should be recognized.

Adolescent↗