Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J M Sacks

Publications and source records attributed to J M Sacks.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Evaluation of field isolates of pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus as determined by restriction endonuclease analysis and hybridization.

Sixty-seven isolates of pseudorabies virus (PRV) from 13 states were cleaved with 4 restriction endonucleases (RE), and after electrophoresis in agarose, their banding patterns were photographed and evaluated. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cleavage fragments were designated into regions specified by molecular weight ranges based on lambda phage DNA as a size marker. The 67 PRV isolates were evaluated according to the total number of cleavage fragments, by the number of fragments within designated molecular weight regions, and finally, by the migration of fragments within regions. Four of the 67 PRV isolates (all 4 from California) did not have a 4.1 to 4.6 megadalton HinfI band, but hybridization of the HinfI digests with a 32P probe made with the 4.4 megadalton band hybridized with 2 lighter fragments, 2.5 and 1.9 megadaltons, respectively. The BamHI digests of DNA from some PRV isolates with submolar fragments were hybridized with 32P probes made with fragments from the submolar region and the BamHI E fragment. Both probes hybridized to the submolar region of PRV with BamHI submolar fragments, but only to the trimolar (E, F, and G) band of PRV without submolar fragments in the 4.1 to 7.5 BamHI megadalton region. Epidemiologic evidence was obtained which indicated that a Missouri strain of PRV was transferred to an Illinois swine herd by importation of feeder pigs from Missouri. The results indicate that there are numerous genomically different PRV currently in circulation in the United States and that the combination of RE analysis and DNA hybridization offers useful epidemiologic information to evaluate the various strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Levamisole does not affect the virological and serological responses of bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle and sheep.

Levamisole, a compound that has been used widely as an anthelmintic in man and domestic animals, has also been found to be an immunomodulator. It was, thus, of interest to determine whether treatment with levamisole would affect bovine leukemia virus infections in cattle and sheep or the results of serological and virological tests routinely used to identify infected animals. Studies of cattle and sheep given either the recommended anthelmintic dose of levamisole or repeated larger doses of the drug failed to provide evidence of significant changes in antibody titer or virus replication. It is, therefore, concluded that levamisole neither potentiated nor repressed bovine leukemia virus replication or the associated immunological responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The Pittsburgh study of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Risk for diabetes among relatives of IDDM.

AN analysis has been made of the family histories of a survey of 1280 cases of IDDM entering Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh between December 31, 1964 and January 1, 1981, discharged on insulin and initial age of onset under 17 yr. Family histories revealed an increased occurrence of IDDM among relatives in the affected families. The risk to siblings was estimated by age-corrected proband exclusion (3.3%) by age 20 and by the Li-Mantel segregation ratio estimator (6.0%). The comparison of these risk measures is discussed. The occurrence of IDDM among the parents is 2.6% and of NIDDM among the parents is 2.4%. A comparison of risk to relatives (parents, sibs, uncles, half-sibs) observed in the Pittsburgh Study to those of six other studies reveal essentially equivalent rates. There is no increased risk to siblings of a diabetic who had an early age of onset. There is an increased risk to siblings of a diabetic (10.5%) in families where at least one parent has insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and also an increased risk to siblings of a diabetic (8.8%) when at least one parent has non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). The average age of onset for second cases in a family is significantly older than age of onset in single case families.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of adjuvant-augmented germling vaccines in turkey poults challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus.

Turkey poults were vaccinated with combinations of two different germling preparations and three adjuvants (N-acetylmuranyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, Pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide [LPS], and avridine) at 1 and 2 weeks of age, and their immunity was challenged by sublethal exposure to aerosols of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia at 1 month of age. Fewer turkeys in the groups given vaccines prepared from germlings grown on Dorset's and Henley's medium (D&H) had organisms in lung tissue at 2 weeks after challenge exposure as compared with those vaccinated with germling grown on neopeptone dialysate (Neo). The LPS of P. multocida appeared to be the most efficacious of the adjuvants in the D&H vaccine group, as A. fumigatus was isolated from only one of eight turkeys in this group; the number of organisms per gram of lung tissue was low compared with other vaccine groups at 2 weeks after challenge exposure; and poults given D&H vaccine with LPS as adjuvant had less-severe lung lesions than other groups. These differences in lung lesions were more marked at 2 weeks than at 8 weeks after challenge exposure. The only difference among other parameters in the vaccinated turkeys was lower heterophil counts in the turkeys given D&H-prepared vaccines than in unvaccinated controls. This was probably due to less-severe infections resulting from protective effects of these vaccines.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗