Biomedical subjects
J M Pascoe
Publications and source records attributed to J M Pascoe.
Interactions between mammalian cell DNA and inorganic platinum compounds. II. Interstrand cross-linking of isolated and cellular DNA by platinum(IV) compounds.
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Interactions between mammalian cell DNA and inorganic platinum compounds. I. DNA interstrand cross-linking and cytotoxic properties of platinum(II) compounds.
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Cross-linking of complementary strands of DNA in mammalian cells by antitumour platinum compounds.
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Quantitative aspects of the repair of alkylated DNA in cultured mammalian cells. I. The effect on HeLa and Chinese hamster cell survival of alkylation of cellular macromolecules.
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Quantitative aspects of the repair of alkylated DNA in cultured mammalian cells. II. Non-semiconservative DNA synthesis ('repair synthesis') in HeLa and Chinese hamster cells following treatment with alkylating agents.
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Essential concepts in clinical epidemiology for pediatric practice.
Providing the best possible health care requires the integration of individual clinical experience with external clinical information, often derived from published research papers. This article reviews several important concepts in clinical epidemiology that should help the pediatric clinician become a more active and critical reader. Among the basic concepts reviewed are measurement of disease occurrence, relative risk, and screening within the context of the pediatric practice.
America's families: then and now.
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The effect of a medical journal club on residents' knowledge of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics.
BACKGROUND: We performed a prospective controlled trial of a monthly journal club to determine if it would increase pediatric residents' knowledge of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics. METHODS: Intervention residents received two didactic sessions before the journal club started. Eight monthly journal club sessions followed. Pediatric residents at another institution served as controls. Intervention and control residents completed a pre- and post-test on clinical epidemiology and biostatistics. RESULTS: Neither the intervention nor the control group showed a significant change in test scores over the 9-month period. CONCLUSION: A more intensive and more structured approach is needed to effectively teach clinical epidemiology and biostatistics to residents.
Correlates of first trimester care in a public health prenatal clinic.
Early access to prenatal care is a major issue in the prevention of low birth weight. Therefore, the authors studied 107 indigent women seen consecutively for their initial visits at a public health department's prenatal clinic to ascertain factors associated with first trimester care. The questionnaire included items on individual health behaviors, attitudes toward medical care, perceived social support, depression, and demographics. Data were collected over 12 weeks by a clinic nurse, and all patients agreed to participate. Using logit estimated odds ratios (OR), none of the independent variables examined were associated with first trimester care for married women. For unmarried women first trimester care was related to finding the clinic by word of mouth (OR = 5.5, 95% CI, 1.2-22.9) and maternal depression (OR = 4.0, 95% CI, 1.1-15.3). Finding the prenatal clinic by word of mouth and maternal depression were still associated with first trimester care after controlling for maternal education and health attitudes. These data suggest that subsequent explanatory research should explore the association between informal social support of unmarried women and first trimester prenatal care.
The reliability and validity of the Maternal Social Support Index for primiparous mothers: a brief report.
The Maternal Social Support Index (MSSI) is an 18-item questionnaire designed to quickly assess qualitative and quantitative aspects of a mother's social support. This study examines a sample of primiparous mothers during the first nine months following delivery. Mothers were interviewed within 72 hours after delivery and again at six weeks and nine months. Using Spearman coefficients, the correlation for total MSSI scores between birth and nine months was .75. The correlations for individual items between birth and nine months ranged from .22 to .76. The MSSI at birth was strongly correlated with the Dyadic Adjustment Scale at nine months (r = .41, P = .001). Scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at birth were inversely and significantly associated with the MSSI at six weeks postpartum (r = .50, P = .004). The MSSI assesses important elements of a new mother's environment which are related to her satisfaction with an intimate other, as well as depressive symptoms. These findings are similar to those in earlier reports.
The reliability and validity of the maternal social support index.
The Maternal Social Support Index (MSSI) is a 21-item questionnaire designed to quickly assess qualitative and quantitative aspects of a mother's social support. Previous studies have found an association between scores on the MSSI and home stimulation of preschool children, child maltreatment, and low birthweight. This report examines the test-retest reliability, internal consistency and concurrent and predictive validity of the MSSI in three samples of mothers (N = 488) from a prenatal clinic, pediatric clinic, and psychology clinic. The MSSI was found to have a test-retest correlation of .72 (P less than 0.001) over six to eight weeks. Coefficient alphas ranged from .60 to .63 across the three samples, denoting moderate internal consistency. In the psychology clinic sample, the MSSI was found to be positively correlated with the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (r = .393, P less than 0.001) and inversely correlated with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (r = .296, P less than 0.001). The MSSI is a brief, reliable instrument with acceptable internal consistency and concurrent and predictive validity. It may be employed in the primary care arenas of clinical research and patient care to provide an organized assessment of maternal social support.