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Biomedical subjects

J M Parent

Publications and source records attributed to J M Parent.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in the cat following multiple oral administration.

Phenobarbital was administered orally to seven healthy cats at a dose of 5 mg/kg once a day for 21 days. Serum phenobarbital concentrations were determined using a commercial immunoassay technique. A one-compartment model was used to describe the final elimination curve. The elimination half-life (t1/2 b) after the final day of treatment was 43.3 +/- 2.92 h. The large apparent volume of distribution of 695.0 +/- 43.9 mL/kg suggests that the drug was widely distributed within the body. The t1/2 b following multiple oral administration was significantly shorter than previously reported for a single oral dose of phenobarbital in the cat. Analysis of pharmacokinetic results after days 1 and 21 of treatment suggested that the elimination kinetics of phenobarbital did not change significantly with multiple oral administration. It appears that differences in elimination kinetics can exist between populations of cats. These differences emphasize the need for individual monitoring of cats receiving phenobarbital.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in the cat following intravenous and oral administration.

Phenobarbital was administered to eight healthy cats as a single intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg. Serum phenobarbital concentrations were determined using an immunoassay technique. The intravenous data were fitted to one-, two- and three-compartment models. After statistical comparison of the three models, a two-compartment model was selected. Following intravenous administration, the drug was rapidly distributed (distribution half-life = 0.046 +/- 0.007 h) with a large apparent volume of distribution (931 +/- 44.8 mL/kg). Subsequent elimination of phenobarbital from the body was slow (elimination half-life = 58.8 +/- 4.21 h). Three weeks later, a single oral dose of phenobarbital (10 mg/kg) was administered to the same group of cats. A one-compartment model with an input component was used to describe the results. After oral administration, the initial rapid absorption phase (absorption half-life = 0.382 +/- 0.099 h) was followed by a plateau in the serum concentration (13.5 +/- 0.148 micrograms/mL) for approximately 10 h. The half-life of the terminal elimination phase (76.1 +/- 6.96 h) was not significantly different from the half-life determined for the intravenous route. Bioavailability of the oral drug was high (F = 1.20 +/- 0.120). Based on the pharmacokinetic parameters determined in this study, phenobarbital appears to be a suitable drug for use as an anticonvulsant in the cat.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Polyneuropathy in feline Niemann-Pick disease.

Two related cats, aged 5 months and 7 months, and 1 unrelated cat, aged 4 months, presented with signs of a progressive neuromuscular disease. Detailed electrophysiological studies suggested a primary demyelinating polyneuropathy, which was confirmed by muscle and nerve biopsies and on necropsy examination. Light and electron microscopic findings indicated a lysosomal storage disease, which was diagnosed as sphingomyelinase deficiency (Niemann-Pick disease) by enzyme analysis and lipid fractionation, although significant biochemical differences existed between the 2 related cats and the third cat. Several lines of evidence suggest that these 2 related cats were affected with a variant of type A Niemann-Pick disease, whereas cat 3 represented classic Niemann-Pick disease type A.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Clinical management of canine seizures.

Client education is the most important step in seizure management. The owner should be well informed about canine epilepsy and the present limitations regarding treatment. Regular follow-up should be performed for drug monitoring, evaluation of the metabolic profile, and assessment of seizure frequency. Other methods of treatment may become available in the future to treat the dog with epilepsy. Potassium bromide, the first anticonvulsant discovered, is being reevaluated as an anticonvulsant in the dog. The dose advocated is 50 mg per kg once daily. This author has no experience with this drug. GABA-mimetic drugs have been shown to exert potent anticonvulsant effects against chemically and electrically induced seizures in rats. Surgical treatment of intractable epilepsy, such as division of the corpus callosum, is being performed in man. Also in man, cerebellar stimulation is effective in controlling intractable epilepsy. Recently, acupuncture treatment has been shown to reduce seizure frequency in a few epileptic dogs. Unfortunately, the ideal anticonvulsant drug still does not exist. Every patient should be evaluated as an individual. Administration of multiple drugs should be avoided whenever possible to minimize side effects and drug interactions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic motor evoked potentials for assessing spinal cord integrity in dogs with intervertebral disc disease.

Magnetically elicited transcranial motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were studied in 37 dogs with type 1 intervertebral disc (IVD) disease. The waveforms were recorded from both cranial tibial muscles before and after surgery. The latencies and amplitudes obtained were compared to those of a control population (n = 14). MEPs were recordable in all dogs with mild or no neurologic deficits, but they were recordable in only 50% of ambulatory dogs that were severely ataxic. MEPs could not be elicited from nonambulatory dogs. There was a significant attenuation of the amplitudes in all clinical cases, even if the dogs demonstrated back pain alone. Significantly prolonged latencies were associated with neurologic deficits. MEPs were not good predictors of neurologic recovery. The responses obtained from the side where the disc material was found were not different from those recorded from the opposite side. MEPs were very sensitive to lesions of the spinal cord, as indicated by the significant changes in the waves in patients with mild or no neurologic deficits and in the loss of response in dogs that still demonstrated purposeful movement. Neurologic exams provided more accurate diagnoses and prognoses than did MEPs in dogs with IVD disease.

Animals↗