Placenta percreta associated with a second-trimester pregnancy termination.
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Abortion, Induced↗
Biomedical subjects
J M Niloff
Publications and source records attributed to J M Niloff.
Monitoring human ovarian carcinoma with a combination of CA 125, CA 19-9, and carcinoembryonic antigen.
CA 125 and CA 19-9 are antigenic determinants associated with human epithelial ovarian carcinomas. Murine monoclonal antibodies have been raised against these determinants, and immunoradiometric assays have been developed to monitor antigen levels in the serum of cancer patients. This study was undertaken to determine whether concomitant measurement of CA 125, CA 19-9, and carcinoembryonic antigen would provide a more precise correlation with tumor progression or regression than could be obtained with any single assay. Among 105 patients with surgically demonstrable epithelial ovarian carcinoma, serum CA 125 levels were elevated (greater than 35 U/ml) in 83%, CA 19-9, levels (greater than 37 U/ml) in 17%, and carcinoembryonic antigen levels (greater than or equal to 2.5 ng/ml) in 37%. Within individual samples, no correlation was found among values for the three markers, but patients with elevated CA 19-9 levels also had increased levels of CA 125. At least one of the three markers was elevated in 90% of the subjects. When 41 patients were monitored serially over 2 to 60 months, alterations in CA 125 levels correlated with disease progression or regression in 94% of instances, whereas alterations in CA 19-9 levels correlated in 33% and alterations in carcinoembryonic antigen levels in 25% of instances. Concomitant measurement of CA 125, CA 19-9, and carcinoembryonic antigen did not prove superior to measurement of CA 125 alone in the monitoring of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Elevation of serum CA125 in carcinomas of the fallopian tube, endometrium, and endocervix.
An immunoradiometric assay with the use of a monoclonal antibody can detect an antigenic determinant (CA125) in peripheral blood from more than 80% of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. In this report elevated levels of CA125 were detected in serum from patients with adenocarcinomas of the fallopian tube, endometrium, and endocervix. Among patients with endometrial cancer, CA125 levels were elevated in recurrent or disseminated disease but not with tumors confined to the uterus.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Monoclonal antibody immunoradiometric assay for an antigenic determinant (CA 125) associated with human epithelial ovarian carcinomas.
CA 125 is an antigenic determinant expressed by greater than 80% of nonmucinous epithelial ovarian carcinomas. An immunoradiometric assay has been developed using a murine monoclonal antibody (OC125) to quantitate CA 125 in human serum. This immunoradiometric assay was optimized for specificity, sensitivity, and performance characteristics. Using a simultaneous immunoradiometric assay, the mean CA 125 concentration in 56 sera from healthy individuals was 11.2 +/- 5.4 (S.D.) units/ml, with 9.7 +/- 3.2 units/ml for 30 males and 13.1 +/- 6.8 units/ml for 26 females. A reference value of 35 units/ml included all 56 normals and excluded 86 of 105 (82%) ovarian carcinoma patients. This reference value also excluded 9 of 142 patients (6%) with benign diseases, but if the upper limit of normal was set at 65 units/ml, only 3 of 142 (2%) patients with benign diseases had elevated serum CA 125 levels, whereas 77 of 105 (73%) ovarian carcinoma patient sera remained positive. The ability of researchers, with this assay, to discriminate between CA 125 values in sera of patients with ovarian carcinoma and those of healthy individuals and patients with benign disease suggests that the assay deserves continued evaluation for monitoring and early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Age Factors↗
CA125 antigen levels in obstetric and gynecologic patients.
An immunoradiometric assay using a monoclonal antibody detects an antigenic determinant (CA125) that is present in more than 80% of epithelial ovarian cancers. CA125 levels are elevated in the sera of 16% of women in the first trimester of pregnancy and is found in very high concentration in amniotic fluid. In 988 nonpregnant patients with benign gynecologic disorders, CA125 was greater than 65 U/mL in 1% on a single determination and in 0.5% with two determinations. Given the low rate of positivity in benign gynecologic disease, the CA125 assay may deserve further evaluation for the early detection of ovarian carcinoma.
Adult↗
A radioimmunoassay using a monoclonal antibody to monitor the course of epithelial ovarian cancer.
The murine monoclonal antibody OC 125 reacts with an antigen (CA 125) common to most nonmucinous epithelial ovarian carcinomas. An assay has been developed to detect CA 125 in serum. By this assay, only 1 per cent of 888 apparently healthy persons and 6 per cent of 143 patients with nonmalignant disease had serum CA 125 levels above 35 U per milliliter. In contrast, 83 of 101 patients (82 per cent) with surgically demonstrated ovarian carcinoma had elevated levels of antigen. In 38 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma monitored on 2 to 18 occasions during 2 to 60 months, antigen levels ranged from less than 1 to more than 8000 U per milliliter. Rising or falling levels of CA 125 correlated with progression or regression of disease in 42 of 45 instances (93 per cent). Determination of CA 125 levels may aid in monitoring the response to treatment in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Metabolism of 3H-dopamine by human chorioamnion in vitro.
Previous investigation has demonstrated biologically significant concentrations of catecholamines in amniotic fluid, which increase with gestation. The half life, metabolic clearance rate, and metabolic fate of these hormones in the amniotic compartment are yet to be established. This study was undertaken to demonstrate the ability of human chorioamnion to metabolize dopamine in vitro. Incubation experiments demonstrated that 3H-dopamine is rapidly metabolized to dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-methoxy, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-methoxy, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol-all products of monoamine oxidase. No significant 3-methoxytyramine, a catechol-o-methyltransferase product, was observed. Incubation experiments with pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, resulted in significant reduction in 3H-dopamine metabolism. Catecholamines and their interaction with prostaglandin synthesis have been theorized to be a fetal signal for the initiation of parturition. The ability of chorioamnion to metabolize catecholamine could, therefore, provide another control mechanism by which fetal catecholamines are modulated.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
Low-dose vaginal 15 methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha for cervical dilatation prior to vacuum curettage abortion.
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Abortion, Induced↗
Relationship between obesity and uterine leiomyomata.
Obesity is associated with many comorbid disease states including neoplasia. The increased risk of developing endometrial cancer is thought to be due to the higher level of circulating estrogens in obese women. Uterine leiomyomata (fibroids) are also thought to be influenced by estrogens. To determine whether patients presenting with symptomatic uterine fibroids were more obese than the general population, we retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of 144 women who underwent either hysterectomy or myomectomy for uterine fibroids. Obesity was defined as preoperative weight greater than 120% of desirable body weight (DBW) for the patient's height. In our investigation, 51% of the study population were obese. Moreover, 16% were severely obese (defined as greater than 150% DBW). When compared with the general population of women in the United States matched for height and age, the study population was significantly heavier. (p less than 0.0002). Patient age, parity, menopausal status, and degree of obesity did not correlate with the number of fibroids within the uterus. Fibroid size was significantly larger in nulliparous women (p less than 0.005). These results suggest that symptomatic uterine fibroids may be another comorbid disease state associated with obesity.
Adult↗
Recombinant leukocyte alpha interferon in advanced ovarian carcinoma.
Recombinant leukocyte alpha interferon (rIFN-alpha A; Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc) was administered to 15 patients with recurrent or persistent ovarian carcinoma. All patients had been previously treated with surgery and combination chemotherapy including cyclophosphamide (15 patients), doxorubicin (14), and cisplatin (14). Three patient had also previously undergone radiation therapy. At the start of therapy the largest tumor size was less than or equal to 2 cm in four patients and greater than 2 cm in 11. Interferon was administered in three times weekly for 8 weeks at a dose of 20 X 10(6) units/m2, with average drug levels of 2267 pg/ml 6 hours after im injection. In three patients (20%), the dose had to be reduced by 50% because of drug toxicity. Side effects included fever (greater than 101 degrees F) in 12 patients, fatigue in ten, headache in two, diarrhea in two, and reversible myelosuppression in five. Of the 15 patients, one had mixed response lasting 12 weeks, two had stable disease of 8 weeks' duration, and 12 had disease progression.
Adenocarcinoma↗