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Biomedical subjects

J M Naylor

Publications and source records attributed to J M Naylor.

60 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Cervical esophagostomy to permit extraoral feeding of the horse.

An indwelling stomach tube was placed through a cervical esophagostomy in 5 clinically normal horses and in 3 horses requiring artificial alimentation. In all but one case, surgery was performed on conscious horses following tranquilization and infiltration of the surgical sites with a local anesthetic. Six horses were fed liquid rations through the indwelling tubes, which were left in place from 3 to 26 days. After the tubes were removed, the stomas healed rapidly and with minimal complications. Cervical esophagostomy proved to be a safe, easy, and effective method for the provision of extraoral feeding of the horse.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Plasma total protein measurement for prediction of disease and mortality in calves.

Plasma concentration of total protein (TP) was measured by refractometer in 76 calves, 1 to 8 days of age, on 3 farms. Three calves died before weaning at 5 weeks; all had plasma TP less than 6 g/dl. The frequency of disease before weaning was 17/29 (59%) in calves that had plasma TP of less than or equal to 6 g/dl, and this was significantly (P less than 0.001) less than the disease frequency of 9/47 (19%) in those with higher values of plasma TP. For 9 calves, plasma TP content was 4.72 +/- 0.22 (mean +/- SD) before ingestion of colostrum. The increment of plasma TP after colostrum feeding was 2.03 +/- 0.61 mg/dl (P less than 0.001). Plasma TP was as useful as serum zinc sulfate turbidity test results or total immunoglobins (as measured by radial immunodiffusion) in predicting disease susceptibility during the first 5 weeks of life, based on determinations made in 32 calves during the first 8 days of life. It was concluded that determination of plasma TP is the most convenient method of evaluating the immune status of calves under field conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Refractometry as a measure of the immunoglobulin status of the newborn dairy calf: comparison with the zinc sulfate turbidity test and single radial immunodiffusion.

Immunoglobulins were quantitated by single radial immunodiffusion in 34 female Holstein-Friesian calves which had been kept with their dams for the first 24 hours of life. The mean immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) concentration was 1.063 g/dl; IgG2, 0.093 g/dl; IgM, 0.171 g/dl; and IgA, 0.125 g/dl. Both serum total protein as measured by refractometer and zinc sulfate turbidity measured at 498 nm gave good correlations with total protein, which were significant, P less than 0.001. Plasma total protein had a slightly poorer correlation with total immunoglobulins, presumably due to variable fibrinogen content. Plasma total protein gave a better correlation with total immunoglobulins than did any of the immunoglobulin classes individually. Total protein by refractometer underestimated naturally occurring or added immunoglobulins by one-third.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An assessment of the ability of diplomates, practitioners, and students to describe and interpret recordings of heart murmurs and arrhythmia.

The ability of clinicians, ie, 10 veterinary students, 10 general practitioners, and 10 board certified internists, to describe and interpret common normal and abnormal heart sounds was assessed. Recordings of heart sounds from 7 horses with a variety of normal and abnormal rhythms, heart sounds, and murmurs were analyzed by digital sonography. The perception of the presence or absence of the heart sounds S1, S2, and S4 was similar for clinicians irrespective of their level of training and was in agreement with the sonographic interpretation on 89, 82, and 78% of occasions, respectively. However, practitioners were less likely to correctly describe the presence of S3. The heart rhythm was correctly described as being regular or irregular on 89% of occasions, and this outcome was not affected by level of training. Differentiation of the type of irregularity was less reliable. The perception of the intensity of a heart murmur was accurate and correlated with the grade assigned in the living horses, R2 = .68, and with sonographic measurements of the murmur's intensity, R2 = .69. Clinicians overestimated the duration of cardiac murmurs, particularly that of the loud systolic murmur. Only diplomates could reliably differentiate systolic from diastolic murmurs. The ability to diagnose the underlying cardiac problem was significantly affected by training; diplomates, practitioners, and undergraduates made the correct diagnosis on 53, 33, and 29% of occasions, respectively. The poor diagnostic ability of practitioners and the lack of improvement in diagnostic skill after the 2nd year of veterinary school emphasizes the need for better teaching of these skills. Digital sonograms that combine sound files with synchronous visual interpretations may be useful in this regard.

Adult↗