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Biomedical subjects

J M Nash

Publications and source records attributed to J M Nash.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Diagnosing recurring headaches: IHS criteria and beyond.

Current classification systems for diagnosing recurring headaches utilize sets of specific criteria. To determine the usefulness of these criteria in the practical application of diagnosing headache patients, 698 headache specialists were asked to review four case vignettes of headache patients and assign a diagnosis. They also ranked International Headache Society (IHS) criteria along with other features commonly used in the diagnosis of headaches in order of importance. There was no difference in ranked importance for the specific criteria posed by the IHS compared with commonly used criteria not included within the IHS system. A large majority of the respondents combined IHS features with other associated features not used in the IHS system as the basis of diagnostic assignment. These results raise a question about the acceptance and utilization of the IHS system as a basis for diagnoses. They also suggest that there is a need to educate health care providers about the appropriate use of the current IHS criteria to increase reliability of headache diagnosis.

Female↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of pharmacological (amitriptyline HCL) and nonpharmacological (cognitive-behavioral) therapies for chronic tension headaches.

Forty-one recurrent tension headache sufferers were randomly assigned to either cognitive-behavioral therapy (administered in a primarily home-based treatment protocol) or to amitriptyline therapy (with dosage individualized at 25, 50, or 75 mg/day). Cognitive-behavioral therapy and amitriptyline each yielded clinically significant improvements in headache activity, both when improvement was assessed with patient daily recordings (56% and 27% reduction in headache index, respectively), and when improvement was assessed with neurologist ratings of clinical improvement (94% and 69% of patients rated at least moderately improved, respectively). In instances where differences in treatment effectiveness were observed (headache index, somatic complaints, perceptions of control of headache activity), cognitive-behavioral therapy yielded somewhat more positive outcomes than did amitriptyline. Neither treatment, however, eliminated headache problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The Carabelli trait in the mixed deciduous and permanent dentitions of five South African populations.

The Carabelli trait in South African negroids, caucasoids, Coloured (Peninsula and Namaqualand) and Indians, classified according to Alvesalo, Nuutila and Portin (1975; Acta odont. scand. 33, 191-197) showed generally peak frequency of expression for dm2 falling into class 3 and for M1 into class 4, that dm2 displays more negative expression (class 2 and 3) and M1 more positive expression (class 4 and 5) and that overall expression in dm2 is higher than in M1. The Indian group was an exception with peak frequencies in class 2 for dm2 and class 1 (right) and class 2 (left) for M1. There was no sex dimorphism and there was a tendency for concordance of expression between sides but not within sides.

Child↗
PubMed1986

The angle of divergence in the palatal ruga pattern.

One of the variables in a classification of the palatal ruga pattern displayed an unusual bimodal distribution which occurred in 6 population groups. The two sub-groups involved were defined by means of a maximum likelihood estimation procedure, a stepwise discriminant analysis and a jackknife classification procedure. The variables which supported the bimodality were mostly concerned with palatal dimensions and the classifications were all above 50% with the Bushman groups classifying better than the others at 77.8% (left) and 70.8% (right).

Africa, Southern↗
PubMed1986

The palatal ruga pattern in possible paternity determination.

The use of a genetic marker in paternity determination has been successful with the ABO blood group system but unsuccessful in dermatoglyphics and palatal rugae because the genetic mechanism is polygenic. The palatal rugae of 17 families (34 parents and 49 children) were classified and recorded, and the data used to construct a statistical analysis system (SAS) cluster map. A positive result would have meant a father clustering with all his children at Level 83, where, in fact, the best result achieved was at Level 5. The best cluster occurred at Level 82 between the ten-year-old boy of Family 7 and the eleven-year-old girl of Family 3. It is thus clear that the palatal rugae cannot be used in a practical procedure to determine paternity.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1985

Papillarity of the palatal mucosa.

A sample of 575 palatal casts was studied and found to possess varying degrees of papillary convolutions between and around the palatal rugae. No palatal appliances were worn and no irritative influence was present. A classification of 1-4 was established and the peak incidence was Class II at 48.4% (Class I, being an absence of papillarity, was 7.3%). It is postulated that the presence of a denture may well cause an inflammatory papillary hyperplasia to arise not by a progression through the various stages of denture stomatitis but directly, in an individual with a papillary palate.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enteroplication in cats, using suture of N-butyl cyanoacrylate adhesive.

Enteroplication has been recommended to prevent recurrence of intussusception in dogs and cats. This study investigated the impact of enteroplication on subsequent function of the plicated small intestine as measured by transit time of barium impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS) and compared two methods of achieving enteroplication--sutures using polydioxanone and cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive. Twenty-two healthy young cats were used--four controls, nine sutured and nine glued. The mean +/-SD transit times before, one week after and four weeks after enteroplication were respectively 2.0+/-0.80 hours, 1.6+/-0.80 hours, 2.2+/-1.18 hours. There was no significant difference in transit time or in the time to create enteroplication in the two plicated groups. Maintenance of intestinal adhesion was greater for the sutured plications. There was no significant change in internal diameter with either technique. Adverse clinical signs after enteroplication were not severe, however, they were more prevalent in cats which had glued plication. The inflammation associated with the suture was of a greater depth initially but that associated with the adhesive was more widespread and persisted for the four weeks of the experiments. Enteroplication in cats was a relatively benign procedure which did not cause significant alterations in small intestinal function. However, cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive cannot be recommended for this clinical procedure.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗