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Biomedical subjects

J M Munoz

Publications and source records attributed to J M Munoz.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Whole body surface loss of trace metals in normal males.

Whole body surface losses of zinc, copper, and iron were measured in 13 male volunteers who lived in a controlled environment for 4 to 9 months. For 88 daily samples, the mean losses for zinc, copper, and iron were 0.50, 0.34, and 0.33 mg/day (3.9, 26, and 2.1% of the mean dietary intakes, respectively). There was a large variance in metal losses with no significant differences in variance within-versus-between subjects or on the same-versus-different diets. The surface losses of zinc and iron increased the apparent dietary requirements determined by balance measurements only 5 and 3%, respectively, while the increase in copper requirement due to surface loss was 25 to 30%.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The human requirement for copper. I. Healthy men fed conventional, American diets.

Each of 13 men was fed diets made from conventional foods for two to seven periods lasting 30 days in a metabolic ward. There was a total of 47 experimental periods. Supplementation of the basal diet with each of several bran or other fiber sources was done in no particular order; each subject was fed the unsupplemented diet for at least one period. The diet was designed to contain amounts of essential nutrients close to the Recommended Dietary Allowances; it resembled the "average" American diet as it contained 16% protein, 40% fat, and 44% carbohydrate. Only minimal variation in energy intake and physical activity of the men was permitted; body weight remained constant within +/- 2%. Copper in food, feces, and urine was measured during the last 12 days of each period. Linear regression of balance (intake minus the sum of fecal and urinary losses) revealed a daily requirement of 1.30 mg (95% confidence limits of 1.24 to 1.35 mg). On consideration of a calculated surface loss of 0.25 mg/day, the requirement is 1.55 mg/day. The requirement was unaffected by the type of fiber source. A review of published data revealed that this requirement substantially exceeds the amount of copper found in many conventional diets.

Copper↗
PubMed1980

A mathematical model of creatine metabolism in normal males--comparison between theory and experiment.

Based upon knowledge that the body creatine pool in normal males undergoes a constant fractional conversion rate to creatinine and that 24-hr urinary creatinine excretion is dependent upon creatine and protein intakes, we developed a mathematical model with feedback which describes the creatine pool size and, consequently, the 24-hr urinary creatinine excretion as a function of time after change in diet. Validity of the model was tested by comparing calculated with experimental changes in 24-hr urinary creatinine excretion rates of male volunteers who were participating in studies of effects of "high" and "low" protein diets on mineral requirements. The model was further verified by comparing published changes in creatinine excretion rates with changes predicted by the model. It is concluded that the effects of changes in creatine and protein intakes upon the body creatine pool size in healthy males can be described mathematically by a model with a feedback component. It is also cautioned that 24-hr urinary creatinine excretion may not be a good reference for quantifying other urinary substances under circumstances where the creatine or protein intakes are not constant.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of some cereal brans and textured vegetable protein on plasma lipids.

The hypothesis that dietary fiber lowers serum cholesterol was tested in 10 healthy men, 19 to 54 years old, who ate a mixed diet similar to the diets of many American adult males, that contained 16% of calories as protein (70% from animal), 40% as fat (P/S = 0.3), 44% as carbohydrate (9% of calories as sucrose) and 3 g of crude fiber. The energy intake ranged from 2700 to 3500 kcal adjusted to their height and weight. Weight and fitness were held constant. After 30 days of equilibration on the basal diet, they ate 26 g of either soft white wheat bran, corn bran (CB), soybean hulls (SH), textured vegetable protein, or hard red spring wheat bran (HRS) for periods of 28 to 30 days each in no particular sequence. Each fiber was fed to four to six subjects. The dietary fiber contents of soft white wheat bran, CB, SH, and HRS were: 44, 92, 87, and 51%, respectively. Mean daily fecal weight increased (P less than or equal to 0.01) from 72.4 to 144, 68 to 128, and 81 to 151 g when CB, SH, and HRS were fed respectively. No effects were noted with soft white wheat bran or textured vegetable protein. Total plasma cholesterol decreased 12% with HRS (P less than or equal to 0.05) and 14.0% with SH (P less than or equal to 0.05). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased 21% with HRS (P less than or equal to 0.05). High density lipoprotein cholesterol did not change with any of the dietary fiber sources nor did the ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol. Some triglyceride lowering effect was seen with all sources of dietary fiber (P less than or equal to 0.01). There was a significant direct correlation between the area under the oral glucose tolerance curves and the levels of total cholesterol (r = 0.57, P less than or equal to 0.0001) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.49, P less than or equal to 0.0007), and between fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides (r = 0.32, P less than or equal to 0.03). Results were replicated when subjects were fed the same fiber source on two occasions at 2 to 4 month intervals.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Incidence of malignant neoplasms of all types of patients with Graves' disease.

The incidence of malignancy among patients with Graves' disease who were residents of one Minnesota county was examined in 342 patients between 1935 and 1967. During 4,736 person-years of observation, 32 malignancies were diagnosed; 24 cases were expected and the difference is not significant. Four cases of breast carcinoma were found vs five expected. Other tumor sites were cervix (five), uterus (two), rectosigmoid colon (three), stomach (two), larynx (two), and lung (two). There were three cases of leukemia, and in nine other sites one cancer each was recorded. There was a slightly higher than expected incidence of malignancy in patients who had received 131I therapy; this finding requires further study in a larger patient population. Among patients who received thyroid hormone, the observed incidence of breast cancer was not significantly different from the expected incidence in our population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Diabetic retinopathy.

The course of diabetic retinopathy is related to the duration of the diabetes. If it is nonproliferative (small hemorrhages, microaneurysms and exudates), the risk of blindness after five years is 20 percent in patients over age 60, if it is proliferative (neovascularization and fibrosis), the risk of blindness after five years is 40 to 65 percent in all patients. While photocoagulation appears to be of benefit, vitrectomy seems a promising approach at this time.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fiber and diabetes.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗