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Biomedical subjects

J M Morris

Publications and source records attributed to J M Morris.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Three-dimensional computed tomography and multiplanar reformations in the assessment of pseudarthrosis in posterior lumbar fusion patients.

Three-dimensional (3-D) surface reconstructions and multiplanar computed tomography (CT) reformations were obtained in 30 patients with clinically suspected spinal fusion pseudarthrosis. The imaging studies were blind-reviewed and the results were compared with the clinical and surgical findings. Sagittal, planar, and curved coronal two-dimensional (2-D) reformations were more useful in the detection of bony nonunion than were axial CT scans, as the latter required more extensive analysis. Three-dimensional surface "cuts" adequately demonstrated pseudarthrosis in most cases. In some instances, however, segmentation artifacts created artifactual clefts or implied solidity, which contrasted with the interpretation of the 2-D images. Sagittal 3-D cuts were helpful in demonstrating bony central and lateral stenosis. Three-dimensional surface reconstructions demonstrated superficial clefts and outlined the complex anatomy of the spinal fusions, thus facilitating pre- and intraoperative planning. The amount of bone stock available for pseudarthrosis repair at the fusion site and the need for additional harvesting of bone from the iliac crest also could be assessed easily. 3-D CT proved to be useful as an adjunctive imaging method in the evaluation of posterior lumbar fusion patients suspected of pseudarthrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Serum lactic dehydrogenase: a tumor marker for dysgerminoma.

Four patients with stage IA-IIIC dysgerminomas were found to have preoperative elevations of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) 1.8-51.5 times that of the upper limits of normal control values, in association with minor elevations of liver function tests (alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) up to 2.5 times normal control limits. Recognition of the association between this serum enzyme profile and dysgerminoma resulted in proper intraoperative staging and prompt initiation of chemotherapy in two patients. Failure to recognize the significance of the serum enzyme profile resulted in inadequate intraoperative staging and reoperation in one of the remaining patients. Serum LDH levels correlated with tumor size and stage of disease. Maximum tumor diameters in this series varied from 15-20 cm. A normal LDH level was present in an intraoperative serum sample obtained from a stage IA patient whose maximum tumor diameter was 8 cm. Selective elevation of LDH-1 and LDH-2 isoenzymes may provide additional evidence suggesting the presence of a dysgerminoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Pseudarthrosis following lumbar fusion: detection by direct coronal CT scanning.

Twenty patients with fusions of the lumbar spine (seven with pseudarthrosis, 11 with solid bony fusions, and two with fusions that appeared solid but assessment was complicated by the presence of surgical hardware) underwent computed tomographic (CT) scanning in the supine position in the axial plane and, employing a specially designed seat, in the coronal plane. Three-millimeter contiguous sections were acquired. The direct coronal images were compared with those reformated from the axial images. The higher-resolution direct coronal images facilitated the diagnosis of pseudarthrosis and increased confidence in interpretation of normal studies. Direct coronal imaging is easy to perform and in many cases requires fewer scans and less radiation than reformations. Because it provides more useful diagnostic information, direct coronal imaging should replace current methods for evaluating fusions of the lumbar spine.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Eyelid tattooing.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1986

Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions. A review.

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening, immunologically mediated reaction. "Anaphylactoid" reactions produce the same clinical syndrome but are not immunologically mediated. Vasoactive mediators of these reactions include histamine, eosinophilic chemotactic factors of anaphylaxis, slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (a mixture of three leukotrienes, one a potent coronary vasoconstrictor), kinins, and prostaglandins. Symptoms usually occur within 15 minutes of parenteral injection of the causative agent, but can be delayed as long as 2.5 hours. Because vasodilation occurs at the capillary and postcapillary venule, resulting in loss of fluid and colloid (and hence reduction in effective plasma volume), and then shock, volume replacement is a mainstay of therapy. This article reviews the pathophysiology, incidence, and drug causes of anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions and proposes therapy to minimize the consequences of reactions seen by physicians treating spinal conditions.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1986

Papillary-annular continuity and left ventricular systolic function after mitral valve replacement.

The contribution of the subvalvular apparatus to left ventricular function was evaluated in a canine preparation that allowed variation of subvalvular tethering forces after mitral valve replacement. Ten normal dogs were instrumented with micromanometer-tipped pressure catheters in the left ventricle and left atrium and piezoelectric sonomicrometry crystals to measure left ventricular major-axis, minor-axis, and wall thickness dimension changes. After control data were obtained, each dog underwent cardiopulmonary bypass and the mitral valve was replaced with a St. Jude bileaflet valve (No. 23 or 25). The native valve was completely excised and all chordal attachments were severed at the head of each papillary muscle. A 3-0 prolene suture was passed through the head of each papillary muscle, gently tied over a pair of felt pledgets, and exteriorized in a paravalvular manner that allowed both "attached" and "detached" states to be studied in a randomized manner 1 hr after release of the aortic cross-clamp. A significant (p less than .05) increase in major-axis length from control was observed in the detached state at both end-diastole and end-systole when compared at matched left ventricular end-diastolic pressures. Systolic function measured by load-dependent variables at matched end-diastolic lengths was higher in the detached state. However, when systolic function was examined by load-independent variables such as the slope of the stroke work end-diastolic length relationship, the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, or the stroke work end-diastolic volume relationship, no statistically significant difference could be detected between states of papillary-annular continuity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Partial characterization of solubilized platelet imipramine binding sites using a new probe, [3H]3-cyanoimipramine ([3H]Ro 11-2465).

Evidence suggests that [3H]imipramine labels the recognition site of the neuronal 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake mechanism. We are investigating the linkage between these binding sites and the carrier by biochemical characterization. [3H]Imipramine-labelled sites have been solubilized from outdated human platelets using the detergent digitonin. [3H]3-Cyanoimipramine binds persistently to these sites in the presence of Na+ at 4 degrees C. At higher temperatures, and in the absence of Na+, this ligand acts reversibly. We report the use of this pseudo-irreversible ligand in the initial molecular characterization of the recognition molecule. To confirm that this ligand occupies the [3H]imipramine-labelled sites, human platelets were prelabelled with 3-cyanoimipramine before incubating with [3H]imipramine. Only low affinity [3H]imipramine binding remained. The majority of the 3-cyanoimipramine was irreversibly bound under these conditions as shown by the use of the 3H compound. Gel permeation chromatography of [3H]3-cyanoimipramine-prelabelled platelet membranes solubilized with digitonin indicated a Stokes' radius of 6.3 nm. This is larger than values previously determined for cholate-solubilized sites. We conclude that [3H]3-cyanoimipramine will be useful for further purification and reconstitution studies.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1985

The clinical manifestations of a genetically determined deficiency of the third component of complement in the dog.

The clinical manifestations of a genetically determined deficiency of C3 were examined in a closed colony of dogs. One hundred and twelve dogs, including twenty C3-deficient dogs, were studied over a period of 6 years. Five of the C3-deficient dogs developed significant bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, sepsis, and pyometra, which were caused by Clostridium spp., Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. Two of the C3-deficient dogs who had had significant infections also subsequently developed renal disease. Secondary amyloidosis was the predominant renal lesion in one dog. The predominant renal lesion in the second dog was membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, although some amyloid was also present. The two dogs with renal disease also had positive rheumatoid factors. No other clinical or serological evidence of autoimmune disease or immune complex disease has been found. None of the dogs heterozygous for C3 deficiency, and none of the homozygous normal dogs in the colony has developed significant bacterial infections or renal disease. Thus, dogs deficient in C3, like C3-deficient humans, demonstrate both an increased susceptibility to infection and renal disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Variation in human platelet 3H-imipramine binding.

Platelet 3H-imipramine binding values from 45 normal controls and 20 depressed subjects were collected over a 2-year period. During this time, wide inter-individual variations in the affinity constant (Kd) and maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) were observed in the control population; however, we failed to observe a seasonal change in platelet 3H-imipramine binding. The Kd and Bmax values of depressed subjects were not significantly different from those of controls.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1985

CT in low back pain syndrome.

CT has become the imaging modality of choice for diagnosing the specific cause of low back pain syndrome. This article describes and illustrates those abnormalities commonly associated with low back pain: disk herniation, spinal stenoses, facet joint abnormalities, spondylosis, inflammatory conditions of the lumbar spine, and sacroiliitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Autosomal dominant inheritance of hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy.

Hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy ( HCSMA ) is a motor neuron disease in Brittany spaniels. Three phenotypes are recognized (accelerated, intermediate, and chronic) and are distinguished on the basis of rate of progression and age at onset. Breeding studies within a kindred of more than 125 dogs (Brittany spaniel and beagle-Brittany outcrosses ) have established an autosomal dominant inheritance for HCSMA . Pups homozygous for the trait have accelerated disease whereas heterozygous dogs have intermediate or chronic disease. The reason for the two phenotypes in heterozygotes is under study. HCSMA provides a unique opportunity to study the genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms of a motor neuron disease, and findings may have broad relevance to investigations of autosomal dominant degenerative disorders of the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Pigmented villonodular synovitis of synovial joints: clinical, pathologic, and radiologic features.

The clinical, pathologic, and radiologic features of pigmented villonodular synovitis of large synovial joints are presented. The typical plain-film presentation of this unusual entity is a noncalcified capsular soft-tissue mass of the knee, without bony abnormalities. When pigmented villonodular synovitis occurs in other joints, it is often accompanied by cystic bone erosions. This important radiographic finding might mislead one to an improper diagnosis of neoplasia or infection. This review reveals insufficient emphasis in the radiologic literature on the high incidence of bone lesions in joints affected by pigmented villonodular synovitis. A mechanism for the development of bone cysts is proposed. Clinical, pathologic, radiologic, and therapeutic considerations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Temperature-sensitive conformational changes in membrane-bound and solubilized [3H]imipramine binding sites.

[3H]Imipramine binding sites are located on serotonergic nerve terminals and on blood platelets. Previous studies on our laboratories have indicated temperature-sensitive conformational changes in [3H]imipramine binding sites in hippocampal and cerebral cortex membranes. We now report that similar changes are observed in both membrane-bound and digitonin-solubilized [3H]imipramine binding sites of human blood platelets. This may indicate integrity of the solubilized binding site.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Seasonal levels of minerals, enzymes, nutrients and metabolic products in plasma of intact and castrated adult male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).

1. Alkaline phosphatase (AP), cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, urea nitrogen, calcium, glucose, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) were measured in the plasma of three intact and three castrated male deer. 2. A statistically significant seasonal cycle of AP, cholesterol, creatinine and uric acid was found in intact but not in castrated animals. 3. Monthly levels of total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, bilirubin and calcium were significantly higher in castrated deer. 4. On the other hand, monthly levels of LDH and SGOT were higher in intact animals.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Recognition of lumbar disk herniation with NMR.

Fifteen nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of 14 patients with herniated lumbar intervertebral disks were performed on the UCSF NMR imager. Computed tomographic (CT) scans done on a GE CT/T 8800 or comparable scanner were available at the time of NMR scan interpretation. Of the 16 posterior disk ruptures seen at CT, 12 were recognized on NMR. Diminished nucleus pulposus signal intensity was present in all ruptured disks. In one patient, NMR scans before and after chymopapain injection showed retraction of the protruding part of the disk and loss of signal intensity after chemonucleolysis. Postoperative fibrosis demonstrated by CT in one patient and at surgery in another showed intermediate to high signal intensity on NMR, easily distinguishing it from nearby thecal sac and disk. While CT remains the method of choice for evaluation of the patient with suspected lumbar disk rupture, the results of this study suggest that NMR may play a role in evaluating this common clinical problem.

Adult↗