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Biomedical subjects

J M Mazur

Publications and source records attributed to J M Mazur.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Evaluation and treatment of bone tumors.

The family physician will rarely see patients with bone tumors; however, when bone tumors do arise, they can be devastating as they unfortunately occur in young patients and are among the most malignant of lesions. The diagnosis of a bone tumor should be suspected if there is deep aching pain, a mass, or a pathological fracture. X-ray films usually lead to the diagnosis and help distinguish malignant from benign lesions. benign tumors are relatively small, do not break out of the bone, and leave the cortex intact and the soft tissue uninvolved. Malignant tumors are large, break out of the bone, and involve the soft tissues. In general, benign tumors are treated with biopsy, local excision, or curettage with bone grafting. Malignant tumors require much more extensive surgery including wide radical excision (probably amputation), chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy as indicated.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1979

Ankle arthrodesis. Long-term follow-up with gait analysis.

A functional assessment of twelve patients after ankle arthrodesis for post-traumatic arthritis was carried out by means of an extensive clinical evaluation and gait analysis after an average follow-up of eight years. A weighted point system was developed to grade ankle function clinically. The data on gait analysis were examined to determine the effect of arthrodesis of the ankle on the over-all pattern of walking. Under conditions of normal daily living while wearing shoes, all patients functioned well after arthrodesis. The gait-analysis data obtained with the patients wearing shoes showed excellent gait characteristics, and the ankle motion that had been lost was compensated for by: (1) motion of the small joints of the ipsilateral foot; (2) altered motion of the ankle in the contralateral limb; and (3) appropriate footwear. While the patients were walking barefooted, some adverse effects of fusion of the ankle were evident. Velocity of gait was slowed and the length of stride was shortened in all twelve patients. One patient whose ankle had been fused in an equinus position had a back-knee deformity during stance phase, and another walked only on his toes when he was without shoes. The gait patterns of all patients were markedly improved when they were wearing shoes with appropriate heel heights.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1979

Clinical study of total ankle replacement with gait analysis. A preliminary report.

Twenty-one ankle replacements in nineteen patients after an average follow-up of 14.7 months were analyzed with respect to their history, physical and roentgenographic findings, and gait analysis. The relief of pain and functional improvement after operation were disappointing compared with the results of prosthetic replacement in other joints and were not related to early complications, age, diagnosis, or the prosthesis used. Muscle weakness about the ankle, especially of the plantar flexors, was a prominent finding and appeared to cause abnormal patterns of gait and of ankle motion. The frequency of progressively increasing radiolucent lines was 88 per cent and of late loosening, 10 per cent. These results suggest a need for more emphasis on postoperative rehabilitation and on the uncertainty of this procedure at its present stage of development.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1968

Radioautographic studies of plaque-forming cells. I. Antigen-stimulated proliferation of plaque-forming cells.

A method has been described for obtaining radioautographs of plaque-forming cells. The method permits radioautographic analyses of small numbers of plaque-forming cells amidst large populations of non-plaque-forming cells. Spleen cells that were pulse-labeled with tritiated thymidine could be categorized readily as labeled or not labeled. Using this method it was found that (a) at least 55% of plaque-forming cells which appear 3 days after a maximal stimulus of 4 x 10(8) sheep red cells are still capable of DNA synthesis, and must have arisen by cell proliferation; (b) the rate of proliferation of plaque-forming cells is proportional to the log of the dose of antigen; (c) the S period of plaque-forming cells is at least 2 hr, appears to be constant, and is not influenced by antigen dose. The results suggest that antigen stimulates proliferation of plaque-forming cells by hastening their transit through the G(1) phase of the generative cycle.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infantile dislocation of the elbow complicating obstetric palsy.

This is a report of three cases of complete dislocation of both the radius and ulna at the elbow in infants born with obstetric palsy. All three patients had painless elbow-flexion contractures. The pathologic anatomy included (a) medial and posterior displacement of the radius and ulna on the humerus, (b) laxity of the lateral capsule and collateral ligaments, (c) contracted medial capsule and collateral ligaments, (d) contracted biceps and triceps muscles, and (e) hypoplasia of the capitellum, trochlea, coronoid process, and olecranon fossa. Open reduction was attempted in all three of these patients and was successful in two.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The intrinsic vasculature of developing vertebral end plates and its nutritive significance to the intervertebral discs.

The structure and anatomical relationships of cartilage canals in the developing vertebral endplates of rabbits and humans are described in this study. In newborn rabbits, we observed a similar morphology and topologic arrangement to that in human fetal spines. Each vascular organ consisted of an arteriole, a glomerular tuft of sinusoidal capillaries, recurrent venules, and supporting loose connective tissue. Because the canals terminate adjacent to the intervertebral discs, they may provide an important source of nutrition to the disc during development when it is sandwiched between two layers of thick hyaline cartilage and contains no intrinsic vascular supply.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hand function in patients with spina bifida cystica.

The Jebsen-Taylor hand function test was performed on 143 patients with myelomeningocele, 8-35 years of age. Compared with normal individuals, matched for sex and age, patients with myelomeningocele demonstrated impaired hand function. Thoracic level and high lumbar level patients exhibited poorer hand function than low lumbar and sacral level patients. Patients who required more than three shunt operations for continued control of hydrocephalus were more likely to have abnormal hand function. Awareness of such deficiencies should enable orthopedic surgeons, therapists, and parents to establish realistic functional expectations and management aims for these children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Calcaneal gait in spastic diplegia after heel cord lengthening: a study with gait analysis.

Calcaneal gait or deformity can be a significant complication after heel cord lengthening. After heel cord lengthening, 20 children with spastic diplegia were evaluated by gait analysis to define calcaneal gait objectively and describe associated morbidity. Mean age was 5 years 2 months (range 2 years 7 months to 8 years 2 months), and mean length of follow-up was 5 years 8 months (range 1 years 1 month 11 year 3 months). Calcaneal gait was defined as dorsiflexion 1 SD beyond the mean in the sagittal plane for all phases of stance. Increased ankle dorsiflexion during mid-stance most accurately predicts calcaneal gait. Through gait analysis, a 30% (6 of 20) prevalence of calcaneal gait suggests that an increased incidence of calcaneal gait may be present after heel cord lengthening.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Femoral head avascular necrosis associated with intramedullary nailing in an adolescent.

An adolescent developed avascular necrosis of the femoral head after intramedullary nailing for a femoral diaphyseal fracture. This complication is most likely secondary to injury to the posterior superior ascending branch of the medial circumflex artery at the time of rod insertion. This artery is situated close to the proximal insertion hole just posterior to the trochanteric notch and piriformis fossa. Other methods of fracture treatment, either operative or nonoperative, should be considered in skeletally immature patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of the Adams forward bend test and the scoliometer in a scoliosis school screening setting.

We examined the ability of the Adams forward bend test and the scoliometer to detect truncal rotation or asymmetry in a school screening setting. Of 954 sixth graders examined with each test independently, 123 and 13 [using an angle of trunk rotation (ATR) of > 5 and 7 degrees, respectively] were found to be abnormal on scoliometer examination but appeared normal on the Adams test. Selecting children for scoliometer examination on the basis of the Adams test is not supported by our data and may not be consistent with generally accepted principles of public health screening.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low-dose lidocaine intravenous regional anesthesia for forearm fractures in children.

Intravenous (i.v.) regional anesthesia with low-dose lidocaine (1 mg/kg) lidocaine 1% diluted to 0.125% vol) provided safe and effective anesthesia for closed reductions of pediatric forearm fractures in outpatients. This procedure was prospectively evaluated in 44 children at The Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida. Forty-three of 44 patients achieved adequate anesthesia (minimal or no pain on closed reduction). No significant complications were noted. Both patients and physicians were satisfied with the procedure. Patient pain was objectively assessed with visual pain charts in the preanesthesic, immediate postanesthetic, and postreduction time periods. The technique was both safe and effective in providing pain relief for reduction of forearm fractures in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of acute musculoskeletal infections in children.

A 30-month prospective study was conducted on 43 children who presented with clinical findings suggestive of acute hematogenous musculoskeletal infection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was found to be extremely sensitive (0.97) and specific (0.92) in helping to diagnose these infections, with only one false positive and one false negative study. Bone scans are more likely to yield false positive and negative examinations. MRI is particularly useful in difficult cases in which there are conflicting clinical data or infection involving the spine or pelvis. After MRI demonstrates the location of the disease process, histologic and/or bacteriologic confirmation of the etiology is still mandatory.

Acute Disease↗