Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J M Martin

Publications and source records attributed to J M Martin.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Isolation and partial characterization of insulin-glucagon liberin from bovine hypothalamus.

A tridecapeptide that enhances insulin and glucagon release from isolated islets of Langerhans was extracted from bovine hypothalami. Following the recommendation of the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biological Nomenclature, the name Insulin-Glucagon Liberin (IGL) is proposed. The extraction, purification and partial characterization of the peptide is reported. The biological significance of hypothalamic IGL is still unknown but it could be a neurohumoral link between the hypothalamus and islet function, related to the regulation of fool intake and body weight.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Immunological factors in senile dementia.

Sixty-four patients suffering from senile dementia were compared with 71 age-matched controls suffering from functional psychiatric illness, in terms of their chromosome complement, tuberculin and dinitrochlorobenzene response and total immunoglobulin levels. No significant differences emerged between these groups except for slightly reduced levels of immunoglobulin G in the dement sample. We conclude that senile dementia as a whole is not related to a defect in immunological function.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Aneuploidy in cultured human lymphocytes: II. A comparison between senescence and dementia.

A study has been made of aneuploidy in the cultured lymphocytes of senile dements (46 females and 8 males), arteriosclerotic dements (10 females and 8 males) and normal geriatric controls (55 females and 18 males). Contrary to previous reports of senile dements having a higher degree of hypodiploidy (chromosome loss) than age-matched controls, there were no significant differences between any of the diagnostic groups. The association between individual subjects' age and hypodiploidy is positive, though not significant, with a high degree of individual variation. The reasons for the discrepancies between this and previous studies are discussed as are possible future lines of research in this field.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Hemoglobin A1 in galactosemia, a possible role in monitoring dietary compliance.

The finding of elevated HbA1 levels in two galactosemic infants of 24.1% and 23.8% (normal 6.3-8.2%) led to an assessment of the effects of dietary management in galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase deficiency and galactokinase deficiency. Exclusion of dietary galactose and lactose in the two propositi resulted in a reduction of HbA1 levels to normal in one and towards normal in the other. HbA1 was measured in twelve treated subjects with transferase deficiency, seven carriers, and one child te uridyl transferase deficiency and galactokinase deficiency. Exclusion of dietary galactose and lactose in the two propositi resulted in a reduction of HbA1 levels to normal in one and towards normal in the other. HbA1 was measured in twelve treated subjects with transferase deficiency, seven carriers, and one child te uridyl transferase deficiency and galactokinase deficiency. Exclusion of dietary galactose and lactose in the two propositi resulted in a reduction of HbA1 levels to normal in one and towards normal in the other. HbA1 was measured in twelve treated subjects with transferase deficiency, seven carriers, and one child with galactokinase deficiency. Five transferase deficient children had elevated HbA1 levels, and four of these agreed to a six week strict dietary exclusion of galactose and lactose. This trial resulted in a fall in HbA1 levels in all subjects (mean 12.6% to mean 9.2%). These results suggest HbA1 levels may be of value in assessing and ensuring dietary compliance in galactosemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Glucose metabolism in rat hypothalamus.

In vitro glucose oxidation and glucose transport in the rat medial (MH) and lateral (LH) hypothalamic areas was measured. Glucose oxidation was calculated from the conversion of [U-14C]glucose to 14CO2 and glucose transport from 14CO2 produced from [1-14C]glucose in the presence of phenazine and methosulphate and NaF. Increasing glucose in the medium from 1 mM to 20 mM enhanced glucose oxidation two-fold in MH and 40% in LH. Addition of insulin, 100 microU/ml, to the medium decreased glucose oxidation 30% both in MH and LH at both 4 mM and 20 mM glucose. Fasting did not affect glucose oxidation in either of these hypothalamic areas. Glucose transport was not affected by insulin, but was increased significantly when glucose was raised from 0.25 mM to 1.0 mM. Fasting also increased glucose transport in both hypothalamic areas. In conclusion, extracellular glucose concentration seems to be the major regulator of glucose utilization by the rat hypothalamus. Insulin, rather than increasing, seems to decrease glucose oxidation while having no effect on glucose transport.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Investigation of acephalus.

We report twins, one of whom was diagnosed as grossly abnormal by ultrasound at 28 weeks' gestation. Postmortem angiographic investigation of this acardiac twin and of the inter-fetal placental anastomoses are reported. The acardiac fetus had a 45,X chromosome constitution, while the other twin had apparently normal chromosomes (46,XX). The association of chromosome anomaly with holoacardius acephalus is discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1980

Aneuploidy in cultured human lymphocytes: I. Age and sex differences.

The chromosomes of the lymphocytes of 208 subjects have been analysed in order to determine the relationship between age, sex and aneuploidy. The subjects consisted of 111 females and 34 males all over 65 years and 31 females and 32 males aged between 18 and 32 years. The degree of hypodiploidy (chromosome loss) differs significantly between the elderly and young subjects of each sex and between the aged males and females. Hyperdiploidy differs significantly only between the old and the young females. Giemsa banding shows that, in elderly females, increased hypodiploidy is especially due to the loss of an X-chromosome. The possible mechanisms accounting for these results are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[How to put real medical records into computer? Data collection per notion].

Hospitals worldwide are faced with the enormous problem of storage and easy access to large volumes of information, especially that contained in medical records forms. The utilisation of the computer has raised great hopes in this field as well as certain fears. In all the attempts to automate the medical record, one is faced with the difficult problem of its introduction into the computer. After reviewing the techniques of the medical questionnaire and the transcription record with a meta-language, we then examine the reasons we have abandoned these two techniques. Data collection per notion is the result of practice and critical examination of one and the other method, for years ago. Data collection per notion is characterized by a "bursting" of the record as soon as it is collected. Data collection per notion only is a preparation stage for the next step: on-line data collection. The introduction of medical records into computer is not an end in itself; rather it is only the first step towards the more efficient utilisation of the information contained there in.

Computers↗
PubMed1979

[Research method using discriminant subsets on minicomputers].

Given a set of elements (illnesses, medicines,...) characterised by criteria or attributes (symptoms, characteristics, colour,...), each able to assume a certain number of states (for colour, more than nine), the problem is to find a minimal discriminant chain, or in other words, the smallest sequence of criteria enabling one to distinguish the elements of the initial set, unless of course they are identical. This problem is very general, but when tackled together it often involves excessive calculations. Based on the research principles proposed by Begon and Tremolieres, the authors propose a method well adapted to criteria in several states, which can be used on a small computer, when searching for pseudo-minimal chains by sampling. An application of this method (in liaison with the 'Centre Anti-Poisons', Nancy Pr Larcan) has enabled us to carry out a search for discriminant chains for more than 2800 medical tablets by their external characteristics, among which 3 quantitative criteria were known with a certain margin of error, and 21 qualitative criteria, making a total of more than 60 different states.

Computers↗
PubMed1979

[About the different steps leading to the quality of medical informations (importance of medical computing (author's transl)].

To draw the best conclusions from a set of medical data, one must first choose correct, valid, representative and well-expressed information. So it's not sufficient to collect data, but we have to valid them before including them in the records. After having put out the general characteristics of any validation and defined the fields where they can be applied we recommend a method over three steps. First, the physician alone, then the physician with an informatician and again the physician seem concerned by the steps of control. It is particularly important to develop the validation of chronology and generally speaking of evolutive data. Of course, the costs of validation with respect to the large groups of data must be taken into account.

Computers↗
PubMed1979

Value of the abdominal plain film after angiocardiography in congenital heart disease.

The urinary tract visualized on plain abdominal film 10 min after angiocardiography revealed 49 abnormalities of the urinary tract in 680 patients with congenital heart disease (7.2%). The diagnostic value is high, as among the 49 abnormalities 40.9% had no urinary symptoms. 5 abnormalities of the urinary tract required rapid surgical treatment.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗