[Retrospective study of two years of surgery for temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome].
BACKGROUND: Assessment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery is a controversial topic. We analyzed our long-term surgical results in a set of patients who underwent TMJ surgery in our unit from January 1995 through December 1996. We used a simple methodology based on 4 criteria: pain, mouth opening, type of feeding and patient satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed 21 operated patients who had been managed by an orthodontist after surgery. The post-surgical follow-up was 4 years. Patient age at surgery ranged from 14 to 51 years; the sex ratio was 1/9 M/F. Seventeen patients suffered a closed-lock, 2 had fibrous ankylosis of the disc. Fifteen patients underwent bilateral TMJ arthrotomy with joint fixation and, very often, mandibulo-condylar-plasty to counteract the bony compression inside the joint. We rated outcome as "very good" if four factors were found: resolution or improvement of pain, more than 40 mm post-surgery mouth opening or at least 10 mm improvement for patients with less than 40 mm post-surgical mouth opening, normal feeding, subjective satisfaction rated as very or quite good. Outcome was thus rated as very good (4 factors), quite good (3 factors), good (2 factors), poor (1 factor), failure (0 factors). RESULTS: Resolution of pain was achieved in 55% of the patients with an improvement in the others. All patients recovered normal feeding. Mouth opening remained limited for two patients. Subjective patient satisfaction was very or quite good in 80% of the cases. Outcome was rated very good in 9 patients, quite good in 7, and good in 5. There were no patients with poor outcome or failure. Analysis of the good outcome group showed that 3 had experience a post-surgery trauma, one had not complied with rehabilitation therapy, and one suffered from undiagnosed rheumatoid polyarthritis. CONCLUSION: According to the literature, TMJ surgery is an effective means of treating pain and reducing dysfunction. We obtained good and stable outcome in patients who participated in our postoperative follow-up. The TMJ is a fragile joint particularly susceptible to trauma.