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Biomedical subjects

J M Long

Publications and source records attributed to J M Long.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Human speech and blood pressure.

The recent development of a noninvasive automated blood pressure device has revealed a strong relationship between human conversation and blood pressure. Conventional techniques of pressure measurement such as the stethoscope and manometer, which require silence during the measurement, tended to obscure this important relationship. Findings from this study indicate that interpersonal communications surrounding the measurement of blood pressure can rapidly alter systolic and diastolic pressures. In certain situations, changes greater than 20 per cent in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate can occur within 30 seconds after the initiation of human speech. Such variance can be of critical significance in making clinical judgments concerning hypertension. These findings are discussed in the context of recent nonpharmacological treatment approaches being developed to help control hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Plasma lipoproteins and coronary arteriography in subjects in the program on the surgical control of the hyperlipidemias. Preliminary report.

Coronary arteriographic findings, plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels, and cigarette smoking history are reported for the first 101 male post myocardial infarction survivors who have been entered into the POSCH clinical trial. Estimates of the extent of stenosis in the major coronary arteries were made using 4 models ranging from a simple determination of the number of the 3 major vessels having significant (i.e. 50% or greater stenosis) disease to more complex methods of determining overall extent of disease in 14 major segments of the coronary arteries. Age was shown to be an important factor in the extent of vessel disease. When controlling for age, plasma cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were shown to be related to the extent of disease, especially in Type II hyperlipoproteinemia subjects. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that age and LDL-cholesterol had positive associations and HDL-cholesterol had an inverse association with the coronary artery disease indices. In this comparatively "healthy" subgroup of the overall population of first MI survivors the major CHD risk factors are limited to plasma lipids and cigarette smoking. This preliminary report of 10% of the recruitment objective of the project supports the currently held views of the lipid--atherosclerosis hypothesis regarding the effects of age-total plasma cholesterol, LDL--cholesterol, and HDL--cholesterol on the extent of coronary atherosclerotic plaques, as determined by coronary arteriography.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The role of beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors in the inhibition of gastric acid secretion in the dog.

1. Characterization of the beta-adrenoceptors mediating inhibition of gastric acid secretion in the conscious Heidenhain pouch dog has been investigated by determination of the effects of propranolol, (+)-propranolol, practolol and H35/25 on salbutamol and isoprenaline-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion. 2. The gastric antisecretory effect of salbutamol was significantly blocked by propranolol and H35/25 but not by practolol or (+)-propranolol. The effect of isoprenaline was significantly blocked by propranolol and practolol but not by H35/25 or (+)-propranolol. 3. It is concluded that both beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors can mediate inhibition of pentagastrin-induced gastric secretion in conscious dogs with a Heidenhain pouch. Salbutamol exerts its antisecretory effect through beta2-adrenoceptors, whereas isoprenaline mediates its effects primarily through beta1-adrenoceptors. 4. The results are discussed with regard to the sub-classification of beta-adrenoceptors and to the possible role of adrenoceptors in the physiological control of gastric secretion. 5. In this study it is concluded that the tachycardia induced by isoprenaline or salbutamol is mediated primarily through reflexes activated by beta2-adrenoceptor mediated vasodilatation.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1977

Effect of carbohydrate and fat intake on nitrogen excretion during total intravenous feeding.

Recent availability of intravenous soy bean oil emulsion for clinical trials in the United States prompted infusion of intravenous diets containing a constant nitrogen level (11.7 grams/m2/day) and 13 different combinations of carbohydrate (110-2300 kcal/m2/day) and fat (0-1100 kcal/m2/day) during 34 three-day studies in 5 patients who were clinically stable after injury or operation. Urea nitrogen excretion was inversely related to carbohydrate intake (P less than 0.01) and directly related to resting metabolic rate (P less than 0.01). Fat infusion did not affect nitrogen excretion at any level of carbohydrate intake. This study suggests that, when a primary clinical goal is nitrogen conservation, carbohydrate calories should be given in amounts approximating the resting metabolic rate. Additional calories and essential fatty acids now can be safely given as intravenous fat emulsion, but fat did not affect nitrogen conservation under the conditions of this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Applications and hazards of intravenous hyperalimentation.

The current technique of total parenteral nutrition (intravenous hyperalimentation) is relatively safe and efficacious, but will undoubtedly undergo change and modification as improved techniques and materials become available. With judicious application of the technique as a clinical therapeutic and investigative tool, new indications for general and specific total parenteral nutrition will likely expand and extend into every medical discipline. As relatively few of the potential applications for total parenteral nutrition have been thoroughly explored or exploited, the clinical and laboratory research possibilities appear to be virtually limitless. Thus, as increasing knowledge and experience are gained, application of total parenteral nutrition will inevitably be expanded and will become more specific, and the hazards will no doubt decrease.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1976

Use of 133xenon in early diagnosis of inhalation injury.

133Xenon lung scanning post-thermal injury was used to detect inhalation injury in 86 patients admitted to the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research during 1974. Inhalation injury was indicated by the 37 (43%) positive scans. Based on all available clinicopathologic evidence, 11 (13%) of the scans were erroneous with seven (8%) falsely positive and four (5%) falsely negative. Eighty-six per cent of the scans were "appropriate." Addition of bronchoscopy and/or pulmonary function testing appeared to improve diagnostic accuracy. By using any pair of tests, falsely negative diagnoses were virtually eliminated. Inhalation injury, as expected, had an adverse effect on survival rates. The group of patients whose expected mortality lay between 40 and 59% were most notably affected. One hundred per cent (five of five) of those with inhalation injury died; only one of eight without inhalation injury died.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1976

Isolated fracture of the medial portion of the lateral mass of the atlas: a previously undescribed entity.

Four cases of fracture of the medial aspect of the lateral mass of the atlas are presented. Unlike most cases of atlantal fracture, definite history of a blow to the vertex could not be established. While the exact mechanism of injury is unknown, it is postulated that the bone fragment is produced by a combination of stretching the ligamentum transversarium and pressure on the lateral mass due to contraction of the neck muscles. All four patients were neurologically intact and complained of pain in the distribution of the greater occipital nerve. It is suggested that this fracture might be identified more often in patients with similar histories and complaints by use of laminagraphy, since part or all of the atlas is frequently obscured on routine open mouth roentgenograms of the upper cervical spine.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1975

Small atrophic kidney secondary to renal vein thrombosis: report of a case diagnosed arteriographically.

Although rena vein thrombosis usually presents with a large or normal-sized kidney radiographically, a small atrophic kidney may be the end stage result of complete renal vein thrombosis with subsequent hemorrhagic infarction. A small atrophic kidney secondary to renal vein thrombosis (probably of neonatal origin) was diagnosed by selective renal arteriography in a 31-year-old woman being studied for hypertension of unknown etiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Multicentric and isolated multifocal glioblastoma multiforme simulating metastatic disease.

Single case reports of multicentric glioblastoma multiforme and multifocal glioblastoma multiforme tumours are presented. Multicentric glioblastoma multiforme tumours are those which have no macroscopic or microscopic connection. Multifocal gliomatous tumours, on the other hand, are those with either gross or microsopic continuity or evidence of cerebral spinal fluid spread and/or local metastases. The cerebral scintigram findings, cerebral angiogram studies and pathological description of these entities are presented. These lesions may be mistaken for metastases. In patients with multiple cerebral lesions multiple primary malignancies of brain should be considered when there is no clinical or radiographical evidence for extracranial primary neoplasms.

Aged↗