Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J M Layton

Publications and source records attributed to J M Layton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

A validity study of four empathy instruments.

The construct validity of four empathy instruments were evaluated through examining group differences and correlations between tests. Subjects were 18 registered nurses (RNs) and 32 nursing assistants (NAs). Instruments used were the Empathy Test (Layton, 1979), the Carkhuff (1969a, 1969b) Empathic Understanding in Interpersonal Processes Scale, the empathy subtest of the Barrett-Lennard (1962) Relationship Inventory, and LaMonica's (1981) Empathy Construct Rating Scale (ECRS). The first hypothesis, that RNs would score significantly higher than NAs on all empathy measures, was confirmed (p less than .0003 to p less than .027). The second hypothesis, that the various empathy measures would be positively related, was partially confirmed. The Carkhuff scale was significantly correlated with the ECRS (r = .25, p less than .05). The ECRS and the Barrett-Lennard also were correlated (r = .78, p less than .001). Results are interpreted using Barrett-Lennard's (1981) theory of empathy.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1988

A comprehensive immunotopographic map of human thymus.

We have achieved a comprehensive immunotopographic mapping of human thymus by using a large battery of monoclonal antibodies and the methodological refinement of comparative serial tissue section immunohistochemistry, allowing analysis of multiple phenotypes in the same tissue site. Previous immunohistochemical studies of thymus have concentrated on the majority T-cell and epithelial cell populations. Besides demonstrating the complexity of T-cell antigenic expression (e.g., simultaneous cortical expression of Leu 2, Leu 3, CALLA, Tdt, and Leu 6), we delineate surprisingly complex B-cell zones (e.g., septal B-follicles with DRC+C3d+ dendritic cells and zonal maturation of B-cells). Whereas septal B-follicles were found in 25% of cases, medullary B-cells were universally present as a substantial minority component. This expanded immunotopographic knowledge of the complex T-, B-, epithelial, and reticulum cell neighborhoods suggests that the thymus is an organ capable of a broad repertoire of immunological responses, not limited to T-cell development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Statistical histometry in the diagnostic assessment of tissue sections.

A statistical histometric model to distinguish adenoma of the colon from normal colon is described. The model, based on the number and location of glandular nuclei, with a dependency scheme based upon displacement, was tested and shown to be significant and capable of simulating the architecture of an adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Age-related changes in T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood.

Quantitation of T and B lymphocytes in infants and children is an important test in the diagnosis of a suspected immuno-deficiency. Previous studies indicated that the absolute and relative numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations vary with age, but these data in the pediatric age group are incomplete and often contradictory. We reviewed the literature and investigated the relationship between age and lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy infants and children using common methods and recent methodologic improvements. We found that absolute numbers of T and B cells followed the same trend as the total lymphocyte count, which was elevated at birth, increased in the first six months, and then gradually decreased to adult levels at approximately 13 years of age. Compared with adult values, the percentage of B cells also was higher at birth and continued to increase for six months, followed by a gradual decrease to adult levels by late childhood or early adolescence. The percentage of T cells gradually increased to adult levels by the same age range.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Sensitivity of mammography and physical examination of the breast for detecting breast cancer.

Mammography and physical examination of the breast are evaluated as screening instruments for detecting breast cancer based on local biopsy data obtained from women enrolled in a national breast cancer screening program. One hundren thirteen cancers (15.5%) of women who underwent biopsy) were detected. The individual sensitivities of mammography and physical examination for detecting breast cancer are 62% and 24%, respectively. The sensitivity of the two methods combined is 75% (85 of 113). Thirty-seven cancers were in situ or minimally invasive (less than or equal to 1 cm in greatest dimension). Eighty-one percent (30 of 37) of these small cancers were detected by screening, and they comprised 35% (30 of 85) of all cancers detected by mammography, physical examination, or both. Improved survival is anticipated due to this high rate of discovery of small cancers.

Adult↗